New Releases by Cass R. Sunstein

The social cost of carbon: The most important number you''ve never heard of—and what it means. If you''re injuring someone, you should stop—and pay for the damage you''ve caused. Why, this book asks, does this simple proposition, generally accepted, not apply to climate change? In Climate Justice, a bracing challenge to status-quo thinking on the ethics of climate change, renowned author and legal scholar Cass Sunstein clearly frames what’s at stake and lays out the moral imperative: When it comes to climate change, everyone must be counted equally, regardless of when they live or where they live—which means that wealthy nations, which have disproportionately benefited from greenhouse gas emissions, are obliged to help future generations and people in poor nations that are particularly vulnerable. Invoking principles of corrective justice and distributive justice, Sunstein argues that rich countries should pay for the harms that they have caused and that all of us are obliged to take steps to protect future generations from serious climate-related damage. He shows how “choice engines,” informed by artificial intelligence, can enable people to save money and to reduce the harms they produce. The book casts new light on the “social cost of carbon,” the most important number in climate change debates—and explains how intergenerational neutrality and international neutrality can help all nations, above all the United States and China, do what must be done.

Pourquoi ce qui nous transportait d’allégresse lundi (une relation amoureuse, un emploi, une œuvre d’art) a-t-il déjà perdu de son attrait vendredi ? À l’inverse, comment se fait-il que nous acceptions aussi facilement de vivre dans le bruit ou la pollution, de prendre des risques – pour notre santé ou nos finances –, d’avoir des relations peu satisfaisantes ? C’est ce qu’on appelle l’habituation, un processus qui fait que nous réagissons de moins en moins aux stimuli qui se répètent. Et que nous partageons avec tous les animaux, y compris les bactéries ! En s’appuyant sur l’apport des neurosciences et des sciences comportementales, Cass Sunstein et Tali Sharot mettent au jour les ressorts de l’habituation. Bonne nouvelle, on peut se déshabituer ! C’est pourquoi ils nous proposent des pistes pour rompre avec notre quotidien (réellement ou par la pensée) afin de rendre notre vie plus riche, plus épanouie. En redevenant sensibles aux aspects négatifs de notre environnement, nous serons aussi plus motivés pour nous battre en faveur du changement – en matière de santé, d’éducation, de justice sociale, par exemple ! Cass R. Sunstein est un éminent juriste américain. Il est professeur de droit à Harvard et directeur du programme d’économie comportementale et des politiques publiques qu’il a créé à la Harvard Law School. Il a coécrit Noise avec Daniel Kahneman et Nudge avec Richard Thaler, deux best-sellers internationaux. Tali Sharot est professeure de neurosciences cognitives à l’University College London et au MIT. Elle est la fondatrice et la directrice de l’Affective Brain Lab.

Fame is like lightning. Taylor Swift, Bob Dylan, Leonardo da Vinci, Jane Austen, Oprah Winfrey—all of them were struck. Why? What if they hadn''t been? Consider the most famous music group in history. What would the world be like if the Beatles never existed? This was the question posed by the playful, thought-provoking, 2019 film Yesterday, in which a young, completely unknown singer starts performing Beatles hits to a world that has never heard them. Would the Fab Four''s songs be as phenomenally popular as they are in our own Beatle-infused world? The movie asserts that they would, but is that true? Was the success of the Beatles inevitable due to their amazing, matchless talent? Maybe. It''s hard to imagine our world without its stars, icons, and celebrities. They are part of our culture and history, seeming permanent and preordained. But as Harvard law professor (and passionate Beatles fan) Cass Sunstein shows in this startling book, that is far from the case. Focusing on both famous and forgotten (or simply overlooked) artists and luminaries in music, literature, business, science, politics, and other fields, he explores why some individuals become famous and others don''t and offers a new understanding of the roles played by greatness, luck, and contingency in the achievement of fame. Sunstein examines recent research on informational cascades, network effects, and group polarization to probe the question of how people become famous. He explores what ends up in the history books and in the literary canon and how that changes radically over time. He delves into the rich and entertaining stories of a diverse cast of famous characters, from John Keats, William Blake, and Jane Austen to Bob Dylan, Ayn Rand, and Stan Lee—as well as John, Paul, George, and Ringo. How to Become Famous takes you on a fun, captivating, and at times profound journey that will forever change your perspective on the latest celebrity''s "fifteen minutes of fame" and on what vaults some to the top—and leaves others in the dust.

For fans of Thinking Fast and Slow and The Power of Habit, a groundbreaking new study of how disrupting our well-worn routines, both good and bad, can rejuvenate our days and reset our brains to allow us to live happier and more fulfilling lives. Have you ever noticed that what is thrilling on Monday tends to become boring on Friday? Even exciting relationships, stimulating jobs, and breathtaking works of art lose their sparkle after a while. People stop noticing what is most wonderful in their own lives. They also stop noticing what is terrible. They get used to dirty air. They stay in abusive relationships. People grow to accept authoritarianism and take foolish risks. They become unconcerned by their own misconduct, blind to inequality, and are more liable to believe misinformation than ever before. But what if we could find a way to see everything anew? What if you could regain sensitivity, not only to the great things in your life, but also to the terrible things you stopped noticing and so don’t try to change? Now, neuroscience professor Tali Sharot and Harvard law professor (and presidential advisor) Cass R. Sunstein investigate why we stop noticing both the great and not-so-great things around us and how to “dishabituate” at the office, in the bedroom, at the store, on social media, and in the voting booth. This groundbreaking work, based on decades of research in the psychological and biological sciences, illuminates how we can reignite the sparks of joy, innovate, and recognize where improvements urgently need to be made. The key to this disruption—to seeing, feeling, and noticing again—is change. By temporarily changing your environment, changing the rules, changing the people you interact with—or even just stepping back and imagining change—you regain sensitivity, allowing you to more clearly identify the bad and more deeply appreciate the good.

"In this concise, pragmatic guide, Cass Sunstein presents a range of scenarios involving students, professors, and administrators, and demonstrates how to distinguish reasonable restrictions from impermissible infringement on free speech. It is an indispensable resource for understanding the key issues surrounding free-speech debates on campuses"--

From New York Times bestselling author Cass Sunstein, a timely and powerful argument for rethinking how the U.S. Constitution is interpreted The U.S. Supreme Court has eliminated the right to abortion and is revisiting other fundamental questions today—about voting rights, affirmative action, gun laws, and much more. Once-arcane theories of constitutional interpretation are profoundly affecting the lives of all Americans. In this brief and urgent book, Harvard Law School professor Cass Sunstein provides a lively introduction to competing approaches to interpreting the Constitution—and argues that the only way to choose one is to ask whether it would change American life for the better or worse. If a method of interpretation would eliminate the right of privacy, allow racial segregation, or obliterate free speech, it would be unacceptable for that reason. But some Supreme Court justices are committed to “originalism,” arguing that the meaning of the Constitution is settled by how it was publicly understood when it was ratified. Originalists insist that their approach is dictated by the Constitution. That, Sunstein argues, is a big mistake. The Constitution doesn’t contain instructions for its own interpretation. Any approach to constitutional interpretation needs to be defended in terms of its broad effects—what it does to our rights and our institutions. It must respect those rights and institutions—and safeguard the conditions for democracy itself. Passionate and compelling, How to Interpret the Constitution is essential reading for anyone who is concerned about how the Supreme Court is changing the rights and lives of Americans today.

Here is one of the most fundamental questions in human life: How do we decide how we decide? We make such decisions all the time. If you trust your doctor, you might decide to follow a simple rule for medical decisions: Do whatever your doctor suggests. If you like someone a lot, and maybe love them, but are not sure whether you want to marry them, you might do this: Live with them first. Some of these strategies are wise. They prevent error. They improve your emotional well-being. Some of these strategies are foolish. They lead you in the direction of terrible mistakes. They prevent you from learning. They might make you miserable. Decisions about Decisions explores how people do, and should, make decisions about decisions. It aims to see what such decisions are, to explore how they go right, and see where they go wrong.

Constitutional Law, Ninth Edition by Geoffrey R. Stone, Louis M. Seidman, Cass R. Sunstein, Mark V. Tushnet, Pamela S. Karlan, Aziz Z. Huq, and Leah M. Litman guides students through all facets of constitutional law, exploring traditional constitutional doctrine through the lens of varying critical and social perspectives informed by political theory, philosophy, sociology, ethics, history, and economics. Buy a new version of this textbook and receive access to the Connected eBook with Study Center on CasebookConnect, including: lifetime access to the online ebook with highlight, annotation, and search capabilities; practice questions from your favorite study aids; an outline tool and other helpful resources. Connected eBooks provide what you need most to be successful in your law school classes. Constitutional Law, Ninth Editiontakes a comprehensive approach to the way in which constitutional law arises. It offers instructors carefully edited cases and rich, interdisciplinary material for classroom discussion. Logically organized for a two-semester course, the first part of Constitutional Law tackles issues concerning separation of powers and federalism; the second part addresses all facets of individual rights and liberties. Constitutional Law, Ninth Edition, also provides thoughtfully selected content on the First Amendment, to give students a well-rounded understanding of religion and free speech issues. New to the Ninth Edition: Extensively revised treatment of the Religion Clauses. Revamped material on abortion rights given Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization. More focused and tightened presentation of judicial review, federalism, and other areas. Professors and students will benefit from: The text’s attention to policy, including discussion of competing critical and social perspectives. An interdisciplinary approach that draws on political theory, philosophy, sociology, ethics, history, and economics. Thoughtful editing, including both lightly and more tightly edited cases, that balances close textual analysis with comprehensive converge of important opinions and pivotal cases. Streamlined treatment of First Amendment law, so that it efficiently provides the necessary fundamentals in free speech and religious liberties jurisprudence. A comprehensive coverage that is ideal for a two-semester course.

All over the world, private and public institutions have been attracted to “nudges,” understood as interventions that preserve freedom of choice, but that steer people in particular directions. The most effective nudges are often “defaults,” which establish what happens if people do nothing. For example, automatic enrollment in savings plans is a default nudge, as is automatic enrollment in green energy. Default rules are in widespread use, but we have very little information about how people experience them, whether they see themselves as manipulated by them, and whether they approve of them in practice. In this book, Patrik Michaelsen and Cass R. Sunstein offer a wealth of new evidence about people’s experiences and perceptions with respect to default rules. They argue that this evidence can help us to answer important questions about the effectiveness and ethics of nudging. The evidence offers a generally positive picture of how default nudges are perceived and experienced. The central conclusion is simple: empirical findings strongly support the conclusion that, taken as such, default nudges are both ethical and effective. These findings, and the accompanying discussion, have significant implications for policymakers in many nations, and also for the private sector.

Two leaders in the field explore the foundations of bounded rationality and its effects on choices by individuals, firms, and the government. Bounded rationality recognizes that human behavior departs from the perfect rationality assumed by neoclassical economics. In this book, Sanjit Dhami and Cass R. Sunstein explore the foundations of bounded rationality and consider the implications of this approach for public policy and law, in particular for questions about choice, welfare, and freedom. The authors, both recognized as experts in the field, cover a wide range of empirical findings and assess theoretical work that attempts to explain those findings. Their presentation is comprehensive, coherent, and lucid, with even the most technical material explained accessibly. They not only offer observations and commentary on the existing literature but also explore new insights, ideas, and connections. After examining the traditional neoclassical framework, which they refer to as the Bayesian rationality approach (BRA), and its empirical issues, Dhami and Sunstein offer a detailed account of bounded rationality and how it can be incorporated into the social and behavioral sciences. They also discuss a set of models of heuristics-based choice and the philosophical foundations of behavioral economics. Finally, they examine libertarian paternalism and its strategies of “nudges.”

Para entender como pensamos e aprendermos a pensar melhor, é obrigatório ler ruído. Do autor de Pensar, depressa e devagar e PRÉMIO NOBEL DA ECONOMIA, Daniel kahneman, em colaboração com Cass R. Sunstein e Olivier Sibony. Dois médicos na mesma cidade podem chegar a diagnósticos pergentes para pacientes idênticos. Dois juízes podem ditar sentenças diferentes para crimes semelhantes. Imagine agora que esses médicos e juízes tomavam diferentes decisões influenciados pelo facto de ser de manhã ou de tarde, ou por ser segunda-feira e não quarta-feira, ou porque ainda não almoçaram. Estes são alguns exemplos de ruído: variações em decisões que deveriam ser idênticas. O ruído está presente em todas as nossas decisões, inpiduais ou colectivas, e dá origem a erros de julgamento nos mais variados campos, incluindo na medicina, nos tribunais, na saúde pública, nas previsões económicas, nas ciências forenses, na protecção de menores e nos recursos humanos. Além disso, influencia-nos e prejudica-nos no momento de tomar decisões quotidianas mas cujo impacto e custo pode ser maior do que imaginamos. Daniel Kahneman, um dos psicólogos mais importantes da actualidade e Prémio Nobel da Economia, em conjunto com Cass R. Sunstein e Olivier Sibony, duas eminentes personalidades do pensamento estratégico, ensinam-nos a avaliar a origem desse ruído, cuja influência tendemos a ignorar, e a tentar reduzi-lo, para melhorar os nossos processos de análise e de tomada de decisão. Seguindo uma fórmula semelhante à do clássico contemporâneo Pensar, depressa e devagar, Ruído: porque tomamos más decisões e como podemos evitá-lo é um livro revolucionário que oferece soluções práticas e simples para aprender a pensar melhor. Os elogios da crítica: «Do prémio Nobel e autor bestseller Daniel Kahneman, em co-autoria com dois brilhantes académicos, RUÍDO é uma obra revolucionária que investiga a origem das más decisões e nos ensina a fazer melhores juízos. (...) Um tour de force de erudição e clareza.» — The New York Times «Uma investigação absolutamente brilhante sobre um enorme problema social que nos passa despercebido, mas que sempre esteve debaixo dos nossos olhos.» — Steven Levitt, autor de Freakonomics «Monumental e apaixonante. Excepcional.» — The Sunday Times «Emocionante. Uma lição de humildade sobre equívocos.» — Financial Times «É provável que Ruído seja o livro mais importante que li na última década. Uma obra-prima.» — Angela Duckworth, autora de Grit

PARA ENTENDER CÓMO PENSAMOS Y PENSAR MEJOR, HAY QUE LEER A KAHNEMAN. —Premio Nobel de Economía Dos médicos en la misma ciudad pueden dar diagnósticos diferentes a pacientes idénticos; dos jueces pueden dictar sentencias distintas ante delitos similares; nosotros mismos podemos decidir una cosa u otra según sea por la mañana o por la tarde, o según se acerque o no la hora de comer. Estos son ejemplos de ruido: el sesgo que conlleva variabilidad en juicios que deberían ser iguales. El ruido está presente en todas las decisiones individuales y colectivas, y produce errores en innumerables terrenos, desde la medicina hasta la economía, pasando por el derecho, la sanidad, la protección infantil y la contratación. Además, también nos importuna e influye a la hora de tomar muchas de nuestras decisiones cotidianas. Daniel Kahneman, uno de los psicólogos más importantes del mundo, junto con Cass R. Sunstein y Olivier Sibony, dos eminencias mundiales en pensamiento estratégico, nos enseñan a escuchar ese ruido, cuyo impacto tendemos a ignorar, y a reducirlo para mejorar nuestros juicios. Basado en el mismo tipo de análisis agudo e ingeniosos ejemplos que convirtió Pensar rápido, pensar despacio en un best seller internacional, Ruido ofrece una serie de remedios originales, prácticos y sencillos para pensar mejor. ENGLISH DESCRIPTION From the Nobel Prize-winning author of Thinking, Fast and Slow and the coauthor of Nudge, a revolutionary exploration of why people make bad judgments and how to make better ones--"a tour de force” (New York Times). Imagine that two doctors in the same city give different diagnoses to identical patients—or that two judges in the same courthouse give markedly different sentences to people who have committed the same crime. Suppose that different interviewers at the same firm make different decisions about indistinguishable job applicants—or that when a company is handling customer complaints, the resolution depends on who happens to answer the phone. Now imagine that the same doctor, the same judge, the same interviewer, or the same customer service agent makes different decisions depending on whether it is morning or afternoon, or Monday rather than Wednesday. These are examples of noise: variability in judgments that should be identical. In Noise, Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, and Cass R. Sunstein show the detrimental effects of noise in many fields, including medicine, law, economic forecasting, forensic science, bail, child protection, strategy, performance reviews, and personnel selection. Wherever there is judgment, there is noise. Yet, most of the time, individuals and organizations alike are unaware of it. They neglect noise. With a few simple remedies, people can reduce both noise and bias, and so make far better decisions. Packed with original ideas, and offering the same kinds of research-based insights that made Thinking, Fast and Slow and Nudge groundbreaking New York Times bestsellers, Noise explains how and why humans are so susceptible to noise in judgment—and what we can do about it.

u003eu003e „Ti, kdo poznatky z knihy uplatní, budou přijímat humánnější a spravedlivější rozhodnutí, zachrání životy a zabrání tomu, aby čas, peníze a talenty přicházely nazmar.“ — The Washington Post u003cu003c ## O knize Kdykoli se procesům naší mysli začne věnovat Daniel Kahneman, psycholog a nositel Nobelovy ceny za poznatky o kognitivním zkreslení, nedopadá to pro nás vůbec dobře! Tentokrát zkoumal příčiny vysoké variability profesionálních úsudků – soudců, lékařů, úředníků, učitelů a dalších – tam, kde by měly být shodné. A objevil šum, tedy vliv nepředvídatelných náhodných chyb, který je ve svém důsledku stejně závažný jako dopad biasů. Jen se hůř měří a je obtížnější si ho uvědomit, takže ho radikálně podceňujeme. Kahneman a jeho kolegové analyzovali stovky studií týkajících se rozhodování a ve svém společném díle vás přesvědčí o překvapivé míře lidské omylnosti. Dokonce i model nás samých činí přesnější úsudky než my! Nevytýkejme si to – vyplývá to už z přirozenosti kauzálního myšlení a složitosti světa. Ignorovat protiopatření by ale byla velká chyba. V knize vám hvězdný tým autorů vysvětlí příčiny šumu a jeho kategorie, naučí vás odlišovat šum od zkreslení a měřit jeho vliv. A především vám poradí, jak s těmito zjištěními naložit v praxi. Pro lepší, spravedlivější, méně zašuměný svět. ## V knize se mimo jiné dozvíte - Kdekoli existuje úsudek, tam existuje i šum, a to ve větším rozsahu, než byste čekali. - Šum uvidíme pouze tehdy, když se na svět podíváme statistickým pohledem. - Jak nálada, stres a únava ovlivňují situační šum, tedy variabilitu vašeho intrapersonálního rozhodování. - Že i malý sociální vliv dokáže podkopat jindy funkční „moudrost davu“. - Jak zohlednit mámení „údolí normálnosti“ a lákavost emoční odměny. - Co je střední kvadratická chyba a proč ji počítat s mocninami chyb. - Jak provést audit šumu a zlepšit si úsudek pomocí šesti pravidel rozhodovací hygieny. ## O autorech Daniel Kahneman je emeritním profesorem psychologie a veřejných záležitostí na Princetonské univerzitě. V roce 2002 obdržel Nobelovu cenu za ekonomii a v roce 2013 Prezidentskou medaili svobody. Je autorem světového bestselleru Myšlení, rychlé a pomalé. Olivier Sibony působí jako profesor strategií na mezinároční obchodní škole HEC v Paříži a lektor na Said Business School Oxfordské univerzity. Napsal knihu Chystáte se udělat strašnou chybu! Cass R. Sunstein je profesorem práva na Harvardské univerzitě, kde založil a řídí Program behaviorální ekonomie a veřejné politiky. Publikoval mnoho odborných článků a knih včetně Nudge (Šťouch) (spoluautor Richard H. Thaler). # Více o knize https://melvil.cz/kniha-sum

The New York Times–bestselling author of Nudge reveals how we became so burdened by red tape and unnecessary paperwork—and why we must do better. “If nudges have a mortal enemy, or perhaps the equivalent of antimatter to matter, it’s ‘sludge’.” —Forbes We’ve all had to fight our way through administrative sludge—filling out complicated online forms, mailing in paperwork, standing in line at the motor vehicle registry. This kind of red tape is a nuisance, but, as Cass Sunstein shows in Sludge, it can also impair health, reduce growth, entrench poverty, and exacerbate inequality. Confronted by sludge, people just give up—and lose a promised outcome: a visa, a job, a permit, an educational opportunity, necessary medical help. In this lively and entertaining look at the terribleness of sludge, Sunstein explains what we can do to reduce it. Because of sludge, Sunstein, explains, too many people don''t receive benefits to which they are entitled. Sludge even prevents many people from exercising their constitutional rights—when, for example, barriers to voting in an election are too high. (A Sludge Reduction Act would be a Voting Rights Act.) Sunstein takes readers on a tour of the not-so-wonderful world of sludge, describes justifications for certain kinds of sludge, and proposes “Sludge Audits” as a way to measure the effects of sludge. On balance, Sunstein argues, sludge infringes on human dignity, making people feel that their time and even their lives don''t matter. We must do better.

★博客來、誠品一致選書推薦 ★與英美同步出版 諾貝爾獎得主、《快思慢想》作者 康納曼 醞釀十年 探測人類決策的最大黑洞 社會充斥很多不合理的情況， 像是不同法官對同一個案件卻有截然不同的判決、 不同醫師對同一個病人的診斷有很大的差異、 不同面試官對於是否錄取求職者意見大不相同， 甚至就連同一個法官、醫師與面試官在不同的時間也會做出不同的判斷。 為什麼會這樣？ 因為，只要有判斷，就會有「雜訊」 而且在日常生活中，雜訊比你以為的還要多 丹尼爾．康納曼、奧利維．席波尼、凱斯．桑思汀三位行為科學家發現， 在醫學、法律、經濟預測、法醫鑑識、保釋、 兒童保護、策略、績效評估、個人選擇等領域，都看得到雜訊， 但是一般人和組織都沒有意識到這個問題， 結果是付出高昂的代價、公共安全與衛生受到影響、社會還會出現極端不公平的情況。 本書中，作者從各領域的實例中拆解雜訊出現的原因， 並提供幾項決策保健策略，幫助讀者預防決策雜訊。 雜訊與偏誤一樣，都是人類必須迫切正視的問題 唯有正視雜訊與偏誤的存在，並做好決策保健工作 才能迎向決策錯誤更少、更公平、更健康的社會 【作者簡介】 丹尼爾．康納曼 Daniel Kahneman 全球暢銷書《快思慢想》的作者、2002年諾貝爾經濟學獎得主、 2013年獲頒美國總統自由勳章。 他是普林斯頓大學尤金．希金斯心理學講座教授， 伍德羅威爾森學院公共事務教授，曾榮獲多項獎章， 包括美國心理學學會頒贈的心理學終身貢獻獎。 他在心理學上的成就是挑戰判斷與決策的理性模式， 被公認為「繼佛洛依德之後，當代最偉大的心理學家」。 他的跨領域研究對經濟學、醫學、政治、 社會學、社會心理學、認知科學皆具深遠的影響， 被譽為「行為經濟學之父」。 奧利維．席波尼 Olivier Sibony 教授、作家和企業顧問，專門研究策略思維與決策流程的設計。 他在巴黎高等商學院（HEC Paris）教導策略、決策與問題解決課程， 並擔任牛津大學賽德商學院（Saïd Business School）副研究員。 此外，他長期在麥肯錫公司（McKinsey＆Company）巴黎、 紐約辦事處擔任顧問與合夥人，也在歐洲許多機構任職， 以顧問或董事會成員的身份為商業領袖提供諮詢。 著有《不當決策》（You’re About to Make a Terrible Mistake!）。 席波尼的研究專注在藉由減少偏誤的影響來增進決策品質。 他也是許多學術及一般出版品的作者， 與諾貝爾經濟學獎得主康納曼合著新書《Noise》。 凱斯．桑思汀 Cass R. Sunstein 美國被引用次數最多的法律學者， 過去十五年來率先將行為經濟學運用在各種議題的探討。 《紐約時報》暢銷書《原力思辨》（The World According to Star Wars）和 《推出你的影響力》（Nudge，與理查．塞勒合著）等書作者。 他是哈佛大學法學院教授，也是行為經濟學和公共政策計畫的發起人和負責人。 2009至2012年擔任白宮資訊法規辦公室主任。 2013至2014年擔任歐巴馬總統的情報和通訊科技審查小組委員。 【譯者簡介】 廖月娟 美國西雅圖華盛頓大學比較文學碩士。 曾獲誠品好讀報告2006年度最佳翻譯人、 2007年金鼎獎最佳翻譯人獎、 2008年吳大猷科普翻譯銀籤獎。 譯作繁多，包括《賈伯斯傳》、 《你要如何衡量你的人生？》、《旁觀者》、 《謝謝你遲到了》等數十冊。 周宜芳 讀過幾年書，識得一些字，現為自由譯者、全職媽媽， 分身於書房與廚房，在創造裡領受無窮樂趣。

''Een monumentaal en boeiend boek.'' The Times Overal waar mensen beslissingen nemen, is sprake van ruis: verschil in oordelen die identiek zouden moeten zijn. Artsen stellen verschillende diagnoses bij dezelfde patiënt, rechters geven verschillende straffen voor hetzelfde delict, twee collega''s beoordelen vergelijkbare sollicitanten verschillend. Iemand neemt ''s ochtends andere beslissingen dan ''s middags. Zulke voorbeelden van ruis zijn overal te vinden, maar mensen en organisaties zijn zich gewoonlijk niet bewust van de rol van ruis bij hun beoordelingen en hun handelen. Met een aanstekelijk enthousiasme bespreken Nobelprijswinnaar Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony en Cass Sunstein op basis van de nieuwste bevindingen in de psychologie en gedragseconomie hoe en waarom wij zo vatbaar zijn voor ruis bij het nemen van beslissingen, en wat we eraan kunnen doen. Een baanbrekend boek dat onze denkwijze zal veranderen, van de experts in strategisch denken en auteurs van de megabestsellers Thinking, Fast and Slow (Ons feilbare denken) en Nudge ''Een hoogstandje van wetenschap en helderheid.'' The New York Times ''Een goed onderzocht, overtuigend en praktisch boek (...) geschreven door een sterrenteam. Iedere wetenschapper, beleidsmaker, leidinggevende en consultant zou dit boek moeten lezen. Wie de invloed en het doorzettingsvermogen heeft die nodig zijn om de inzichten uit RUIS toe te passen, zal beslissingen nemen die menselijker en eerlijker zijn, levens redden, en voorkomen dat tijd, geld en talent verspild worden.'' The Washington Post ''Ruis is een briljant onderzoek naar een ongelooflijk groot maatschappelijk probleem waar iedereen tot nu toe overheen keek.'' Steven Levitt, auteur van Freakonomics ''Overtuigend. Een nederig stemmende les over onnauwkeurigheid.'' Financial Times

Best-selling author Cass R. Sunstein examines how to avoid worst-case scenarios The world is increasingly confronted with new challenges related to climate change, globalization, disease, and technology. Governments are faced with having to decide how much risk is worth taking, how much destruction and death can be tolerated, and how much money should be invested in the hopes of avoiding catastrophe. Lacking full information, should decision-makers focus on avoiding the most catastrophic outcomes? When should extreme measures be taken to prevent as much destruction as possible? Averting Catastrophe explores how governments ought to make decisions in times of imminent disaster. Cass R. Sunstein argues that using the “maximin rule,” which calls for choosing the approach that eliminates the worst of the worst-case scenarios, may be necessary when public officials lack important information, and when the worst-case scenario is too disastrous to contemplate. He underscores this argument by emphasizing the reality of “Knightian uncertainty,” found in circumstances in which it is not possible to assign probabilities to various outcomes. Sunstein brings foundational issues in decision theory in close contact with real problems in regulation, law, and daily life, and considers other potential future risks. At once an approachable introduction to decision-theory and a provocative argument for how governments ought to handle risk, Averting Catastrophe offers a definitive path forward in a world rife with uncertainty.

Come avviene il cambiamento? Quando decollano i movimenti sociali? Con l''aiuto dell''economia comportamentale e di altre discipline, Sunstein illumina il modo in cui la società cambia.

A powerful analysis of why lies and falsehoods spread so rapidly now, and how we can reform our laws and policies regarding speech to alleviate the problem. Lying has been with us from time immemorial. Yet today is different-and in many respects worse. All over the world, people are circulating damaging lies, and these falsehoods are amplified as never before through powerful social media platforms that reach billions. Liars are saying that COVID-19 is a hoax. They are claiming that vaccines cause autism. They are lying about public officials and about people who aspire to high office. They are lying about their friends and neighbors. They are trying to sell products on the basis of untruths. Unfriendly governments, including Russia, are circulating lies in order to destabilize other nations, including the United Kingdom and the United States. In the face of those problems, the renowned legal scholar Cass Sunstein probes the fundamental question of how we can deter lies while also protecting freedom of speech. To be sure, we cannot eliminate lying, nor should we try to do so. Sunstein shows why free societies must generally allow falsehoods and lies, which cannot and should not be excised from democratic debate. A main reason is that we cannot trust governments to make unbiased judgments about what counts as "fake news." However, governments should have the power to regulate specific kinds of falsehoods: those that genuinely endanger health, safety, and the capacity of the public to govern itself. Sunstein also suggests that private institutions, such as Facebook and Twitter, have a great deal of room to stop the spread of falsehoods, and they should be exercising their authority far more than they are now doing. As Sunstein contends, we are allowing far too many lies, including those that both threaten public health and undermine the foundations of democracy itself.

How our shifting sense of "what''s normal" defines the character of democracy "A provocative examination of social constructs and those who would alternately undo or improve them."—Kirkus Reviews This sharp and engaging book by leading governmental scholar Cass R. Sunstein examines dramatically shifting understandings of what’s normal—and how those shifts account for the feminist movement, the civil rights movement, the rise of Adolf Hitler, the founding itself, political correctness, the rise of gun rights, the response to COVID-19, and changing understandings of liberty. Prevailing norms include the principle of equal dignity, the idea of not treating the press as an enemy of the people, and the social unacceptability of open expressions of racial discrimination. But norms can turn upside-down in a hurry. What people tolerate, and what they abhor, depends on what else they are seeing. Exploring Nazism, #MeToo, the work of Alexander Hamilton and James Madison, constitutional amendments, pandemics, and the influence of Ayn Rand, Sunstein reveals how norms change, and ultimately determine the shape of society and government in the United States, Europe, and elsewhere.

Behavioral science is playing an increasing role in public policy, and it is raising new questions about fundamental issues - the role of government, freedom of choice, paternalism, and human welfare. In diverse nations, public officials are using behavioral findings to combat serious problems - poverty, air pollution, highway safety, COVID-19, discrimination, employment, climate change, and occupational health. Exploring theory and practice, this Element attempts to provide one-stop shopping for those who are new to the area and for those who are familiar with it. With reference to nudges, taxes, mandates, and bans, it offers concrete examples of behaviorally informed policies. It also engages the fundamental questions, include the proper analysis of human welfare in light of behavioral findings. It offers a plea for respecting freedom of choice - so long as people''s choices are adequately informed and free from behavioral biases.

Winner of the Scribes Book Award “As brilliantly imaginative as it is urgently timely.” —Richard H. Fallon, Jr., Harvard Law School “At no time more than the present, a defense of expertise-based governance and administration is sorely needed, and this book provides it with gusto.” —Frederick Schauer, author of The Proof A highly original framework for restoring confidence in a government bureaucracy increasingly derided as “the deep state.” Is the modern administrative state illegitimate? Unconstitutional? Unaccountable? Dangerous? America has long been divided over these questions, but the debate has recently taken on more urgency and spilled into the streets. Cass Sunstein and Adrian Vermeule argue that the administrative state can be redeemed so long as public officials are constrained by morality and guided by stable rules. Officials should make clear rules, ensure transparency, and never abuse retroactivity, so that current guidelines are not under constant threat of change. They should make rules that are understandable and avoid issuing contradictory ones. These principles may seem simple, but they have a great deal of power. Already, they limit the activities of administrative agencies every day. In more robust form, they could address some of the concerns of critics who decry the “deep state” and yearn for its downfall. “Has something to offer both critics and supporters...a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate over the constitutionality of the modern state.” —Review of Politics “The authors freely admit that the administrative state is not perfect. But, they contend, it is far better than its critics allow.” —Wall Street Journal

The New York Times–bestselling co-author of Nudge explores how more information can make us happy or miserable—and why we sometimes avoid it but sometimes seek it out. How much information is too much? Do we need to know how many calories are in the giant vat of popcorn that we bought on our way into the movie theater? Do we want to know if we are genetically predisposed to a certain disease? Can we do anything useful with next week''s weather forecast for Paris if we are not in Paris? In Too Much Information, Cass Sunstein examines the effects of information on our lives. Policymakers emphasize “the right to know,” but Sunstein takes a different perspective, arguing that the focus should be on human well-being and what information contributes to it. Government should require companies, employers, hospitals, and others to disclose information not because of a general “right to know” but when the information in question would significantly improve people''s lives. Of course, says Sunstein, we are better off with stop signs, warnings on prescription drugs, and reminders about payment due dates. But sometimes less is more. What we need is more clarity about what information is actually doing or achieving.

An “illuminating” study that reveals the different ways social change occurs—for readers of Freakonomics and Thinking, Fast and Slow (The New York Times) How does social change happen? When do social movements take off? Sexual harassment was once something that women had to endure; now a movement has risen up against it. White nationalist sentiments, on the other hand, were largely kept out of mainstream discourse; now there is no shortage of media outlets for them. In this book, with the help of behavioral economics, psychology, and other fields, Cass Sunstein casts a bright new light on how change happens. Sunstein focuses on the crucial role of social norms—and on their frequent collapse. When norms lead people to silence themselves, even an unpopular status quo can persist. Then one day, someone challenges the norm—a child who exclaims that the emperor has no clothes; a woman who says “me too.” Sometimes suppressed outrage is unleashed, and long-standing practices fall. Sometimes change is more gradual, as “nudges” help produce new and different decisions—apps that count calories; texted reminders of deadlines; automatic enrollment in green energy or pension plans. Sunstein explores what kinds of nudges are effective and shows why nudges sometimes give way to bans and mandates. Finally, he considers social divisions, social cascades, and “partyism,” when identification with a political party creates a strong bias against all members of an opposing party—which can both fuel and block social change.

From the same authorship team behind the highly successful Constitutional Law and among the leading casebooks in the field, The First Amendment provides a comprehensive and accessible review of speech and religion jurisprudence under the First Amendment. The eminent authorship team, whose members are distinguished both in teaching and scholarship, combines textual, historical, theoretical, and doctrinal approaches in an inclusive and creative survey of the essential elements of modern First Amendment doctrine. It has been completely updated to incorporate recent developments in the field, including campaign finance and government speech, and provides a broader discussion of modern First Amendment issues, including those related to modern technology. New to the Sixth Edition: New coverage relating to: Issues of free speech on campus, extremist speech and online terrorism, hate speech, and issues of “fake news”. New material on cases including: Iancu v. Brunetti and Matal v. Tam Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission National Institute of Family and Life Advocates v. Becerra Substantial discussion of Trump v. Hawaii and the Bladensburg cross case Reorganization of the presentation of the role of impermissible purposes in Establishment Clause jurisprudence, in light of the (near) elimination of the Lemon test Professors and students will benefit from: Rigorous questions in the Notes Carefully selected and challenging excerpts from articles and books by leading First Amendment scholars Thoughtful organization of topics and cases designed to challenge students and to illuminate the evolution and current state of First Amendment jurisprudence

“With insight, wisdom, affection, and concern, Sunstein has written the story of impeachment every citizen needs to know. This is a remarkable, essential book.” —Doris Kearns Goodwin No one is above the law, not even the president. Impeachment is the most potent tool the founders gave us to ensure it, and yet few of us even know how it works. As Benjamin Franklin famously put it, Americans have a republic, if we can keep it. Preserving the Constitution and the democratic system it supports is the public''s responsibility. One route the Constitution provides for discharging that duty--a route rarely traveled--is impeachment. Expanding beyond violations of the law, impeachment was meant to defend against any action that would undermine the foundations of our republic. Harvard Law professor Cass R. Sunstein provides a succinct citizen''s guide to this essential tool of self-government. Taking us deeper than mere partisan politics, he illuminates the constitutional design behind impeachment and emphasizes the people''s role in holding presidents accountable. In spite of the loud national debate over whether or not the House is right to impeach Trump, impeachment itself remains widely misunderstood. Sunstein identifies and corrects a number of common misconceptions, and describes how impeachment helps is an essential piece of our constitutional order, and a crucial part of the framers'' decision to install an empowered executive in a nation deeply fearful of kings. With an eye toward the past and the future, Impeachment: A Citizen''s Guide considers a host of actual and imaginable arguments for a president''s removal, explaining why some cases are easy and others hard, why some arguments for impeachment have been judicious and others not. And with an afterword and appendix on the current impeachment, it puts the national debate in its proper historical context. In direct and approachable terms, it is a guide through the treacherous waters of the impeachment process so that Americans of all political convictions may use their ultimate civic authority wisely.

Bestselling author Cass R. Sunstein reveals the appeal and the danger of conformity We live in an era of tribalism, polarization, and intense social division—separating people along lines of religion, political conviction, race, ethnicity, and sometimes gender. How did this happen? In Conformity, Cass R. Sunstein argues that the key to making sense of living in this fractured world lies in understanding the idea of conformity—what it is and how it works—as well as the countervailing force of dissent. An understanding of conformity sheds new light on many issues confronting us today: the role of social media, the rise of fake news, the growth of authoritarianism, the success of Donald Trump, the functions of free speech, debates over immigration and the Supreme Court, and much more. Lacking information of our own and seeking the good opinion of others, we often follow the crowd, but Sunstein shows that when individuals suppress their own instincts about what is true and what is right, it can lead to significant social harm. While dissenters tend to be seen as selfish individualists, dissent is actually an important means of correcting the natural human tendency toward conformity and has enormous social benefits in reducing extremism, encouraging critical thinking, and protecting freedom itself. Sunstein concludes that while much of the time it is in the individual’s interest to follow the crowd, it is in the social interest for individuals to say and do what they think is best. A well-functioning democracy depends on it.

From New York Times bestselling author Cass Sunstein, a brisk, provocative book that shows what freedom really means—and requires—today In this pathbreaking book, New York Times bestselling author Cass Sunstein asks us to rethink freedom. He shows that freedom of choice isn’t nearly enough. To be free, we must also be able to navigate life. People often need something like a GPS device to help them get where they want to go—whether the issue involves health, money, jobs, children, or relationships. In both rich and poor countries, citizens often have no idea how to get to their desired destination. That is why they are unfree. People also face serious problems of self-control, as many of them make decisions today that can make their lives worse tomorrow. And in some cases, we would be just as happy with other choices, whether a different partner, career, or place to live—which raises the difficult question of which outcome best promotes our well-being. Accessible and lively, and drawing on perspectives from the humanities, religion, and the arts, as well as social science and the law, On Freedom explores a crucial dimension of the human condition that philosophers and economists have long missed—and shows what it would take to make freedom real.