New Releases by Abdulrazak Gurnah

Ihmiskohtalot siirtomaavallan ytimessä. Vuoden 2021 nobelisti Abdulrazak Gurnah on unohdetun Afrikan ääni, historian melskeisiin hävinneiden siirtomaiden kertoja, jolla on taito löytää suurista tragedioista hiljaista kauneutta. 1900-luvun alussa Saksan Itä-Afrikassa elämä on levotonta. Sorretut nousevat kapinaan kerran toisensa jälkeen, ja siirtomaajoukot tukahduttavat liikehdinnän verisesti. Historian juurettomiksi jättämät elämät kietoutuvat toisiinsa, koska elettävä on, tapahtuu maailmassa mitä tahansa. Ilyas karkaa lapsena kotoa ja päätyy saksalaisten sotilaiden kasvattamaksi, eikä enää tiedä kenelle olla uskollinen. Ilyaan hylätty sisar Afiya raataa kuin orja kotikylässä. Nuoren Hamzan kohtalo on päätyä saksalaisten sotilaspalvelijaksi ja sitten siirtomaavaltojen sotaan. Hamzan ja Afiyan kohtaaminen sytyttää toivon tulevasta, mutta horisontissa nousevat jo uuden sodan pilvet. "Vain harvoin saa avata kirjan ja havaita, että sen lukeminen muistuttaa rakastumista. Uskaltaa tuskin hengittää ettei lumous rikkoutuisi.” The Times Tansanialle nyt kuuluvassa Sansibarissa vuonna 1948 syntynyt Abdulrazak Gurnah lähti maasta poliittisena pakolaisena 18-vuotiaana ja on sen jälkeen asunut Isossa-Britanniassa. Gurnah kirjoittaa englanniksi ja on julkaissut kymmenen romaania sekä useita novelli- ja esseekokoelmia. Hän on Kentin yliopiston englannin kielen ja postkolonialistisen kirjallisuuden emeritusprofessori. Hän on useilla aiemmilla teoksillaan ollut Booker-ehdokkaana. Nyt suomeksi ilmestyvä Loppuelämät on hänen tuorein romaaninsa vuodelta 2020.

Do vencedor do prêmio Nobel de literatura, um romance arrebatador que tem como pano de fundo os efeitos brutais do colonialismo na África Oriental. Deutsch-Ostafrika, início do século XX. Os colonizadores avançam violentamente pela África, dizimando povos e impondo regras e costumes. No litoral do oceano Índico, Khalifa e Asha estão tentando ter o primeiro filho e logo conhecem Ilyas, que chega à cidade para trabalhar. Ainda menino, ele fora raptado por um askari das tropas coloniais e anos depois descobre que os pais morreram e que sua irmã, Afiya, está vivendo em condições deploráveis. Já Hamza chega em busca de emprego e segurança e lá acaba se apaixonando por Afiya. Num período de lembranças traumáticas, ele integrara a Schutztruppe, lutando contra o próprio povo ao lado dos colonizadores. Neste romance magistral, Abdulrazak Gurnah joga luz sobre as consequências devastadoras da opressão e do colonialismo sobre todo um continente. Enquanto os personagens vivem, trabalham e se apaixonam, pairam sobre eles o fantasma da guerra e a possibilidade de que novos combates arrasem a vida de todos mais uma vez. "Um relato compassivo do que há de incomum nas vidas comuns, Sobrevidas combina uma narrativa apaixonante com uma prosa cuja rara precisão emocional confirma o lugar de Gurnah entre os mais destacados estilistas da literatura inglesa contemporânea." — Evening Standard

Una conmovedora historia sobre el exilio, el amor y la traición, del Premio Nobel de Literatura 2021. Huyendo de la mítica isla de Zanzíbar, tierra de mercaderes de perfumes y especias acunada por los monzones, Saleh Omar, un comerciante de 65 años, llega al aeropuerto de Gatwick con una caja de caoba llena de incienso y un pasaporte falso. Para comunicarse con él, los servicios sociales recurren a Latif Mahmud, un poeta experto en suajili, profesor y exiliado voluntario que vive apaciblemente en un apartamentode Londres. Cuando los dos hombres se encuentran en una pequeña ciudad junto al mar, una larga historia de amores y traiciones, seducciones y decepción, azarosos desplazamientos y litigios iniciada mucho tiempo atrás empieza a desenmarañarse. La crítica ha dicho... «El modo en que Abdulrazak Gurnah plantea la amistad como una forma de pertenencia es profundo y emocionante. [...] Estamos ante uno de esos autores que poseen un enorme instinto narrativo y apuntalan sus ideas encarnándolas en personajes y poniéndolas en acción. El modo en que en esta novela la historia del silencioso protagonista se multiplica en muchas otras historias pone de manifiesto una de las singularidades del último Nobel: su mundo literario surge del choque entre África y Europa, pero retiene cierto brillo seductor del mundo árabe y persa.» El Correo «Nos encontramos aquí con un viejo comerciante que escapa de la isla de Zanzíbar, con pasaporte falso. Así las cosas, contactará con alguien de los servicios sociales, un poeta experto en suajili, en una pequeña ciudad junto al mar, lo que destapa una historia de amores y traiciones, desplazamientos y litigios originada mucho tiempo atrás. Una novela que, tras su argumento, contiene graves observaciones sobre el racismo, el imperialismo y el desconocimiento generalizado de la realidad africana.» La Vanguardia «Rara es la ocasión en que abres un libro y descubres que encierra los fascinantes rasgos de una historia de amor. [...] Y mientras lees, apenas te atreves a respirar por miedo a romper el hechizo.» The Times «Un manifiesto poético contra la tiranía del lenguaje cuando se utiliza como una herramienta de los estados.» The Observer «Una novela absorbente, llena de atinadas observaciones sobre el racismo, el imperialismo y el desconocimiento de las realidades africanas.» The New York Times

Paradiso è la storia di Yusuf che, a dodici anni, viene dato in pegno dal padre, un locandiere pieno di debiti, a zio Aziz, un ricco mercante. Nel fermento della città, tra swahili, musulmani d’Africa, colonizzatori tedeschi, camionisti sikh, Yusuf ha il suo rifugio nel giardino paradisiaco al centro della casa. È la storia dell’amicizia con Khalil, poco più grande di Yusuf, anche lui comprato da zio Aziz. È anche la storia dell’amicizia interrotta tra i due ragazzi, quando zio Aziz chiede a Yusuf di accompagnarlo in un viaggio d’affari nell’entroterra. È la storia della scoperta dell’amore di Yusuf, cresciuto, bellissimo, nella casa in cui viene educato. E diventa una lezione su come gli amori, soprattutto quelli proibiti, finiscono all’improvviso. È la storia del sultano Chatu che, nella città di Marungu, fa prigioniero Yusuf e i suoi, e li priva di ogni avere. Ma la prima guerra mondiale è alle porte, gli eserciti europei stanno conquistando il continente, e inizierà tutta un’altra storia per l’Africa, per le sue genti, per Yusuf. Un romanzo d’avventura, di formazione, di scoperta, che racconta un mondo alle soglie della sua definitiva trasformazione, dove si intrecciano favole, leggende, cruda realtà, poesia, amore. “Qua e là vi erano aranci e melograni. Agli alberi erano appesi degli specchi, posti troppo in alto perché Yusuf potesse vedersi riflesso. Anche se non l’avrebbe mai ammesso, in quei momenti il più grande desiderio di Yusuf era quello di essere imprigionato in quel giardino per un tempo indefinito.” “Avventure di viaggio, racconto sociale, atto d’accusa politico e una storia d’amore maledetta. Paradiso prende vita negli imprevisti, è l’affascinante riscoperta di un mondo dimenticato.” The Sunday Times “Un suggestivo ritratto dell’Africa sull’orlo del cambiamento. Una commovente meditazione sulla natura della libertà e la perdita dell’innocenza, tanto vera per un bambino quanto lo è per un intero continente.” The New York Times Book Review “Un libro emozionante. Assolutamente da leggere.” Stern

From the Nobel Prize winner, a coming-of-age story that illuminates the harshness and beauty of an Africa on the brink of colonization Shortlisted for the Booker Prize and the Whitbread Award, Paradise was characterized by the Nobel Prize committee as Abdulrazak Gurnah’s “breakthrough” work. It is at once the chronicle of an African boy’s coming-of-age, a tragic love story, and a tale of the corruption of African tradition by European colonialism. Sold by his father in repayment of a debt, twelve-year-old Yusuf is thrown from his simple rural life into complexities of pre-colonial urban East Africa. Through Yusuf’s eyes, Gurnah depicts communities at war, trading safaris gone awry, and the universal trials of adolescence. The result is what Publishers Weekly calls a “vibrant” and “powerful” work that “evokes the Edenic natural beauty of a continent on the verge of full-scale imperialist takeover.”

By the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature ''There is a wonderful sardonic eloquence to this unnamed narrator''s voice'' Financial Times ''I don''t think I''ve ever read a novel that is so convincingly and hauntingly sad about the loss of home'' Independent on Sunday _____________________ He thinks, as he escapes from Zanzibar, that he will probably never return, and yet the dream of studying in England matters above that. Things do not happen quite as he imagined – the school where he teaches is cramped and violent, he forgets how it feels to belong. But there is Emma, beautiful, rebellious Emma, who turns away from her white, middle-class roots to offer him love and bear him a child. And in return he spins stories of his home and keeps her a secret from his family. Twenty years later, when the barriers at last come down in Zanzibar, he is able and compelled to go back. What he discovers there, in a story potent with truth, will change the entire vision of his life.

Il sessantacinquenne Saleh Omar è un mercante di mobili di Zanzibar, richiedente asilo in Inghilterra. Come un Sindbad dei giorni nostri, Saleh lascia una terra dove il genio del male si è incarnato in governanti ladri pronti a ogni forma di moderna violenza politica: campi di concentramento, armi e uno stuolo di cortigiani. Al suo arrivo a Londra, all’aeroporto di Gatwick, Saleh mostra un visto non valido, rilasciato in patria da un suo parente e acerrimo nemico, Rajab Shaaban Mahmud. A Saleh è stato consigliato di fingere di non capire una parola di inglese, per cui l’assistente sociale che ha preso in carico il suo caso si trova costretta a chiedere la consulenza di un esperto di kiswahili, uno dei dialetti dell’Africa orientale: per ironia della sorte, l’interprete è Latif Mahmud, il figlio di Rajab, l’avversario di Saleh. L’uomo ha tagliato ogni ponte con la sua famiglia di origine dagli anni ’60, quando ha chiesto asilo come rifugiato in Inghilterra, dove vive nella nostalgia della sua terra. Saleh si trova ora faccia a faccia con Latif in una cittadina inglese sul mare. Entrambi rifugiati, con un’origine e un destino ad accomunarli.

Nobelpristagaren Abdulrazak Gurnahs senaste roman är en omskakande berättelse om krig och kärlek under 1900-talets första decennier. Som liten flicka lämnas föräldralösa Afiya hos en avlägsen släkting när hennes äldre bror tar värvning hos de tyska kolonialtrupperna. Hon växer upp med en bildningstörst, men tvingas foga sig i kvinnans begränsade plats i samhället. Efter kriget återvänder inte brodern. Det gör i stället en annan ung man – Hamza – som såldes till krigsmakten av sin familj och har sårats svårt i kriget. Liksom Afiya kan han läsa, och de båda förälskar sig i varandra på avstånd. Efterliv, den tredje boken av Gurnah att översättas till svenska, är en ömsint och stundtals gastkramande skildring av människor som kämpar för sitt eget värde i skuggan av kolonialismens världsordning.

Una historia de iniciación que ilumina la crudeza y la belleza de la África precolonial, por el premio Nobel de literatura 2021. Cuando los padres de Yusuf, de doce años, le dicen que vivirá con su tío Aziz durante una temporada, el chico se muestra entusiasmado. Pero lo que Yusuf no sabe es que su padre lo ha empeñado para saldar una deuda imposible de pagar, ni tampoco que Aziz no es pariente suyo, sino un rico y acaudalado comerciante con el que viajará por África central y las riberas del Congo en vísperas de la primera guerra mundial. A través de los ojos de ese chiquillo descubriremos una naturaleza exuberante y hostil, poblada de tribus despiadadas e invasores desalmados, en la que una vida humana vale tanto como unas cuantas gotas de agua. La crítica ha dicho... « Paraíso nos ayuda a comprender el espanto de la colonización. No se trata de un acontecimiento superado, sino de un drama que sigue marcando nuestro presente. [...] Abdulrazak Gurnah es un excelente narrador, con la capacidad de seducción de una moderna Sherezade. [...] Los gobiernos que levantan muros deberían leer Paraíso, una obra que no levanta barreras, sino puentes.» El Cultural «El gran descubrimiento del texto es la propia escritura de Gurnah, que es uno de esos autores capaces de combinar la precisión formal con grandes niveles de lirismo, misterio y evocación. Es a través de esa escritura intensamente sensitiva como el autor consigue que sobre el descubrimiento se cierna cada vez más poderosa la sombra de la destrucción.» El Correo «La prosa de Gurnah se despliega con una riqueza extraordinaria sobre un tapiz sensorial africano, en contraposición al británico. Es un mundo de aromas [...], de noches al aire libre, de jardines rumorosos, de serpientes, mosquitos y calor tropical. [...] Y de historias que saltan y se entrelazan sin fin, evocando a veces el imán narrativo de Las mil y una noches, componiendo un friso que no busca desenlaces sino vidas y caminos.» El Norte de Castilla «Gurnah evoca su mundo con una prosa poética que resulta pura y lúcida: un pequeño paraíso en sí misma.» The Guardian «Un libro que cobra vida con lo inesperado y donde se rescata de manera fascinante un mundo ya extinguido.» The Sunday Times «Un retrato evocador de un continente africano al borde del cambio. Una meditación conmovedora sobre la naturaleza de la libertad y la pérdida de la inocencia, válida tanto para un único niño sensible como para todo un continente.» The New York Times Book Review

Près de la mer entremêle le destin de deux hommes réfugiés politique en Angleterre. Un grand texte sur l’exil et la dignité. Un soir de novembre 1994, Saleh Omar, soixante-cinq ans, débarque à l''aéroport de Londres, un faux passeport en poche. Dans son ancienne vie, sur l’île de Zanzibar, Saleh possédait une boutique, était marié et père de famille. Aujourd''hui, tenant contre lui un petit sac dans lequel se trouve son bien le plus précieux, une boîte en acajou contenant de l''encens, il est demandeur d’asile dans un pays qui ne veut pas de lui. À l’autre bout de la ville, Latif Mahmud attend impatiemment de rencontrer Saleh. Lorsque les deux hommes se retrouvent dans une ville côtière, une histoire se dévoile. Une histoire qui mêle amour et trahison, séduction et possession. À travers le destin mouvementé de deux hommes se dessine le combat d’un peuple qui tente désespérément de faire face à une succession d’événements tragiques. Un grand roman d’amour et d’exil, de déchirements mais aussi d’espoir.

From the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature, six powerful novels for fans of Zadie Smith, Jhumpa Lahiri, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, and Teju Cole. Included in this bundle, you''ll find: Memory of Departure Vehement, comic and shrewd, Abdulrazak Gurnah''s first novel is an unwavering contemplation of East African coastal life. Pilgrims Way An extraordinary depiction of the life of an immigrant as he struggles to come to terms with the horror of his past and the meaning of his life in England. Dottie A searing tale of a young woman discovering her troubled family history and cultural past. Admiring Silence A dazzling tale of cultural identity and displacement and the story of a man''s dual lives as a refugee from his native Zanzibar in England. The Last Gift An astounding meditation on family, self and the meaning of home that follows a father, and his two children, all haunted by their unspoken family history. Gravel Heart A powerful story of exile, migration, and betrayal, that evokes the immigrant experience with unsentimental precision and profound understanding.

Människorna i Den sista gåvan är offer för sina omständigheter, illa tilltygade av den globala migrationens tidvattensvågor, på flykt från sig själva. De är märkta av förlust, skam och rädsla. Med mästarhand skildrar Abdulrazak Gurnah deras rotlöshet, skuldkänslorna gentemot dem som har lämnats kvar, deras längtan efter tillhörighet och deras försök att uppfinna sig själva på nytt. Det här är berättelsen om den sköra gränsen mellan förlust och frihet, mellan gamla svek och nya lojaliteter. Den sista gåvan är Abdulrazak Gurnahs åttonde roman och hans andra på svenska. Här återvänder han till de teman han har utforskat i flera av sina tidigare romaner: exil och skuld.

Tolvårige Yusuf skickas av sina fattiga föräldrar till kusten för att bo hos sin farbror Aziz, en förmögen köpman. Snart går det upp för den oskuldsfulle Yusuf att köpmannen inte alls är Yusufs farbror: i själva verket har han sålts som skuldslav av sin far. Så börjar livets hårda skola för Yusuf. Genom Yusuf får vi uppleva ett Afrika som präglas av stamstrider, vidskeplighet, sjukdomar och barnslaveri, men drömmaren Yusuf får också en skymt av paradisets portar av eld och vatten. Paradiset är en mångbottnad, våldsam, vacker och märklig berättelse med ett poetiskt, skirt och avskalat språk, där perspektivet aldrig viker från den unga huvudpersonens sida. Den är fast förankrad i sin tid och sin miljö, en berättelse som ändå – eller just därför – är djupt allmängiltig.

BY THE WINNER OF THE NOBEL PRIZE IN LITERATURE 2021''One of Africa''s greatest living writers'' Giles Foden''Exquisite'' Telegraph''A remarkable novel, by a wondrous writer'' Philippe Sands''To read Afterlives is to be returned to the joy of storytelling'' Aminatta Forna''Effortlessly compelling storytelling ... You forget that you are reading fiction, it feels so real'' Leila Aboulela Restless, ambitious Ilyas was stolen from his parents by the Schutzruppe askari, the German colonial troops; after years away, he returns to his village to find his parents gone, and his sister Afiya given away. Hamza was not stolen, but was sold; he has come of age in the army, at the right hand of an officer whose control has ensured his protection but marked him for life. Hamza does not have words for how the war ended for him. Returning to the town of his childhood, all he wants is work, however humble, and security - and the beautiful Afiya. The century is young. The Germans and the British and the French and the Belgians and whoever else have drawn their maps and signed their treaties and divided up Africa. As they seek complete dominion they are forced to extinguish revolt after revolt by the colonised. The conflict in Europe opens another arena in east Africa where a brutal war devastates the landscape. As these interlinked friends and survivors come and go, live and work and fall in love, the shadow of a new war lengthens and darkens, ready to snatch them up and carry them away.

With nationalism and the far right on the rise across Europe and North America, there has never been a more important moment to face up to what we, in Britain, are doing to those who seek sanctuary. Still the UK detains people indefinitely under immigration rules. Bail hearings go unrecorded, people are picked up without notice, individuals feel abandoned in detention centres with no way of knowing when they will be released. In Refugee Tales III we read the stories of people who have been through this process, many of whom have yet to see their cases resolved and who live in fear that at any moment they might be detained again. Poets, novelists and writers have once again collaborated with people who have experienced detention, their tales appearing alongside first-hand accounts by people who themselves have been detained. What we hear in these stories are the realities of the hostile environment, the human costs of a system that disregards rights, that denies freedoms and suspends lives. ‘We hear so many of the wrong words about refugees – ugly, limiting, unimaginative words – that it feels like a gift to find here so many of the right words which allow us to better understand the lives around us, and our own lives too.’ – Kamila Shamsie All profits go to the Gatwick Detainee Welfare Group and Kent Help for Refugees.

By the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature ''The elegance and control of Gurnah''s writing, and his understanding of how quietly and slowly and repeatedly a heart can break, make this a deeply rewarding novel'' Kamila Shamsie, Guardian ________________________ For seven-year-old Salim, the pillars upholding his small universe – his indifferent father, his adored uncle, his treasured books, the daily routines of government school and Koran lessons – seem unshakeable. But it is the 1970s, and the winds of change are blowing through Zanzibar: suddenly Salim''s father is gone, and the island convulses with violence and corruption the wake of a revolution. It will only be years later, making his way through an alien and hostile London, that Salim will begin to understand the shame and exploitation festering at the heart of his family''s history. ________________________ ''Riveting ... The measured elegance of Gurnah''s prose renders his protagonist in a manner almost uncannily real'' New York Times ''Glittering ... Each work is different from the last, yet they build into a powerfully evocative oeuvre that keeps coming back to the same questions, in spare, graceful prose, about the ties that bind and the ties that fray'' Telegraph ''A colourful tale of life in a Zanzibar village, where passions and politics reshape a family... Powerful'' Mail on Sunday

The debut novel by the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature Vehement, comic and shrewd, Abdulrazak Gurnah''s first novel is an unwavering contemplation of East African coastal life Poverty and depravity wreak havoc on Hassan Omar''s family. Amid great hardship he decides to escape. The arrival of independence brings new upheavals as well as the betrayal of the promise of freedom. The new government, fearful of an exodus of its most able men, discourages young people from travelling abroad and refuses to release examination results. Deprived of a scholarship, Hassan travels to Nairobi to stay with a wealthy uncle, in the hope that he will release his mother''s rightful share of the family inheritance. The collision of past secrets and future hopes, the compound of fear and frustration, beauty and brutality, create a fierce tale of undeniable power. ____________________ ''Gurnah is a master storyteller'' FINANCIAL TIMES ''Exile has given Gurnah a perspective on the “balance between things” that is astonishing, superb'' OBSERVER ''A captivating storyteller'' GUARDIAN ''Gurnah etches with biting incisiveness the experiences of immigrants exposed to contempt, hostility or patronising indifference on their arrival in Britain'' SPECTATOR

By the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature ''Demands to be read and reread, for its humour, generosity of spirit and clear-sighted vision'' Evening Standard ''Gurnah zooms in on individual acts of violence ... and unexpected acts of kindness'' Daily Telegraph ________________________ Demoralised by small persecutions and the squalor and poverty of his life, Daud takes refuge in his imagination. He composes wry, sardonic letters hectoring friends and enemies, and invents a lurid colonial past for every old man he encounters. His greatest solace is cricket and the symbolic defeat of the empire at the hands of the mighty West Indies. Although subject to attacks of bitterness and remorse, his captivating sense of humour never deserts him as he struggles to come to terms with the horror of his past and the meaning of his pilgrimage to England.

By the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature 2021 A searing tale of a young woman discovering her troubled family history and cultural past ''Gurnah writes with wonderful insight about family relationships and he folds in the layers of history with elegance and warmth'' The Times _________________________________ Dottie Badoura Fatma Balfour finds solace amidst the squalor of her childhood by spinning warm tales of affection about her beautiful names. But she knows nothing of their origins, and little of her family history – or the abuse her ancestors suffered as they made their home in Britain. At seventeen, she takes on the burden of responsibility for her brother and sister and is obsessed with keeping the family together. However, as Sophie, lumpen yet voluptuous, drifts away, and the confused Hudson is absorbed into the world of crime, Dottie is forced to consider her own needs. Building on her fragmented, tantalising memories, she begins to clear a path through life, gradually gathering the confidence to take risks, to forge friendships and to challenge the labels that have been forced upon her.

By the winner of the 2021 Nobel Prize in Literature Abbas has never told anyone about his past; about what happened before he was a sailor on the high seas, before he met his wife Maryam outside a Boots in Exeter, before they settled into a quiet life in Norwich with their children, Jamal and Hanna. Now, at the age of sixty-three, he suffers a collapse that renders him bedbound and unable to speak about things he thought he would one day have to. Jamal and Hanna have grown up and gone out into the world. They were both born in England but cannot shake a sense of apartness. Hanna calls herself Anna now, and has just moved to a new city to be near her boyfriend. She feels the relationship is headed somewhere serious, but the words have not yet been spoken out loud. Jamal, the listener of the family, moves into a student house and is captivated by a young woman with dark-blue eyes and her own, complex story to tell. Abbas''s illness forces both children home, to the dark silences of their father and the fretful capability of their mother Maryam, who began life as a foundling and has never thought to find herself, until now. ________________________ ''Gurnah is a master storyteller'' FINANCIAL TIMES ''Gurnah writes with wonderful insight about family relationships and he folds in the layers of history with elegance and warmth'' THE TIMES

Born in East Africa, Yusuf has few qualms about the journey he is to make. It never occurs to him to ask why he is accompanying Uncle Aziz or why the trip has been organised so suddenly, and he does not think to ask when he will be returning. But the truth is that his ''uncle'' is a rich and powerful merchant and Yusuf has been pawned to him to pay his father''s debts. Paradise is a rich tapestry of myth, dreams and Biblical and Koranic tradition, the story of a young boy''s coming of age against the backdrop of an Africa increasingly corrupted by colonialism and violence.