Most Popular Books by Michelle Harris

Michelle Harris is the author of Operation Rescue: Mission Accomplished (2018), Evaluating Instructional Coaching (2021), The Instructional Playbook (2020), The IC Toolkit (2024), Brain Candy 3 (2021).

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Operation Rescue: Mission Accomplished

release date: Dec 21, 2018
Operation Rescue: Mission Accomplished
With so many differing viewpoints vying for our assent, it is imperative that we make the time to seek out and confirm the truth for ourselves. This body of work searches out and dissects the Good News of Jesus Christ’s coming to make an informed conclusion. It also seeks to train the average individual to do so for him/herself; to not depend solely on the witness of others, but to know Him for oneself. If you have believed the lie that the Bible contradicts itself, this study is for you.

Evaluating Instructional Coaching

release date: Oct 07, 2021
Evaluating Instructional Coaching
A clear and comprehensive guide to evaluating and supporting instructional coaches and coaching programs, including how to recruit, hire, and retain effective coaches. With sound practices in place to evaluate coaching programs, instructional coaches will become better partners, teachers will become better mentors, and students will become better learners. Few evaluation systems are specifically geared toward coaching roles. Ensuring that school districts have accurate information about both coaches and coaching programs is crucial to guide improvement in supporting classrooms, as well as in ensuring accountability. With sound evaluation processes in place, districts can effectively evaluate instructional coaches and coaching programs and use data to set goals. Advance Praise for Evaluating Instructional Coaching: It has arrived! The ICG team has pulled through again with a much-needed guide, providing a thorough process from how to hire, evaluate, support, and retain instructional coaches. This book will empower school leaders to be partners with instructional coaches by providing meaningful evaluation tools and effective coaching programs. Readers will walk away with ideas on how to help coaches grow to best serve students and teachers in their schools. Thank you, ICG. We needed your research, knowledge, and most of all your humble approach on how best to support coaches and coaching programs! —Kelly Jacobs, District Instructional Coaching Coordinator, Lansing (Mich.) School District Instructional coaches devote their time to growing teachers. One way to support instructional coaches in their professional growth is to ensure an effective evaluation system is in place for them. This book gives leaders several things to consider as they define the coach''s role, hire candidates, and put an evaluation process in place. —Michelle Lis, Coordinator, Instructional Coaching, Fairfax County (Va.) Public Schools A joint publication of ASCD and One Fine Bird Press.

The Instructional Playbook

release date: Nov 25, 2020
The Instructional Playbook
In schools, every day is "game day." Every day, teachers need the best resources and forms of support because students deserve the best we as educators can offer. An instructional playbook aims to serve as that kind of support: a tool that coaches can use to help teachers match specific learning goals with the right research-based instructional strategies. Coaches have enormous potential to help teachers learn and implement new teaching practices, but coaches will be effective only if they deeply understand the strategies they describe and their explanations are clear. The Instructional Playbook: The Missing Link for Translating Research into Practice addresses both issues head on and offers a simple and clear explanation of how to create a playbook uniquely designed to meet teachers'' instructional needs. The idea of an instructional playbook has caught fire since Jim Knight described it in The Impact Cycle (2017). This book helps instructional coaches create playbooks that produce a common language about high-impact teaching strategies, deepen everyone''s understanding of what instructional coaches do, and, most important, support teachers and students in classrooms. “emu003eA joint publication of ASCD and One Fine Bird Press.

The IC Toolkit

release date: Oct 22, 2024
The IC Toolkit
Refine the art and craft of instructional coaching. For more than 25 years, Jim Knight and his team at the Instructional Coaching Group have been studying what excellence in instructional coaching looks and sounds like. Their findings—organized around 7 Success Factors for instructional coaches and shared via books, articles, and workshops—have helped many instructional coaches around the world to increase teacher effectiveness and improve outcomes for students. Bringing together for the first time a wealth of resources and practical tools, The IC Toolkit is designed to guide instructional coaches—either individually or, preferably, collectively—through a 36-week journey of practice, reflection, and learning. For instructional coaches who want to improve and leaders who want to set up meaningful learning experiences, the book provides concrete tools—including activities, checklists, case studies, and videos—that you can use every week. Additional features include One-page descriptions of each success factor A needs assessment to gauge your instructional coaching proficiency in the 7 Success Factors Learning paths to guide your use of the resources and enable meaningful exploration of each success factor End-of-chapter reflection questions The IC Toolkit makes it possible for every instructional coach to become highly proficient in the Success Factors. When instructional coaches become highly proficient in their craft, we can see students, teachers, and systems flourish.

Brain Candy 3

release date: Oct 05, 2021
Brain Candy 3
Earth''s smaller animals offer some sweet surprises, too. Hop on a honeybee to discover just how hardworking these fast-flying insects are. They beat their wings 200 times a second as they fly about. And no wonder they''re so busy--they need to pollinate two million flowers to make just one pound (.45 kg) of honey. Brain Candy books take a novel approach to learning by serving up an appetizing assortment of facts and numbers, then diving deeper into each topic. Like learning cool facts and how they''re connected to the bigger picture? Treat yourself to a little Brain Candy! Sure to be an addictive addition to the bookshelves of Weird But True! and Just Joking fans and curious kids everywhere.

This Or That? 4

release date: Jan 01, 2016
This Or That? 4
Invites readers to choose between two scenarios in order to reveal aspects of their personalities as well as fun facts about music, space, food, festivals, and other topics.

North

release date: Jan 06, 2025
North
A boy who can heal from any injury is destined for a lot of suffering. Kai is orphaned and illegally trapped in slavery. As someone who'' s lost everything, nothing is as annoying as the spoiled rich girl who walks into the path of his crossbow when he'' s trying to hunt. A girl with a murdered father and absent mother has a lot to deal with, especially when Cara is a princess whose uncle wants to trap her in a political marriage. But Cara is a fierce warrior determined to prove her worth as she helps her kingdom defend continuing attacks from the North. Kai'' s sharp weapons skills and rapid healing power make him just the fighter Cara needs. In the beautiful South Kingdom, Kai'' s chance encounter with the royal children leads to a very different kind of fairy tale. Life at the palace means danger, prejudice, and political intrigue. But when Kai suddenly disappears, will Cara risk everything to save Kai, and her kingdom, from the queen of the North?

Pet Records

release date: Jan 01, 2020
Pet Records
This book goes to extremes to introduce kids to the best of the best in the world of over-achieving, amazing, record-setting pets! Pets are more than just our animal besties. They''re totally extreme! From the largest to the smallest, the biggest braniacs to the most awesome athletes, discover the amazing talents of all kinds of animals, including dogs, cats, bunnies, horses, reptiles, fish, even insects, and more. Some were just born this way. Others have worked hard to develop their skills. Plus, you''ll dive into the details behind the records, see how different pets match up, and encounter some of the world''s wackiest pet places. With eye-popping design, unforgettable photographs, and amazing stats, this book is sure to become the leader of the pack on every kid''s bookshelf!

Moonlight Midnight Glory

release date: Mar 01, 2000
Moonlight Midnight Glory
[Buy this book now only at iUniverse.com bookstore. Order from bookstores everywhere in 4-6 weeks!] A tale of unending passion, a saga of epic proportions comes blazing alive with a rapturous love story as we follow Elyssa, a powerful and beautiful princess from the unsurpassed splendor of Jupiter’s kingdom, to the glittering heights of Earth’s Royal Palace to the exotic and mysterious tribes of the Cienna. A tumultuous tale of unending passion…the story of Elyssa''s love for the Prince of Earth, Jaric, a love so powerful that will she risk anything for him…her planet and even her life.

Stories from the Front of the Room

release date: Feb 08, 2017
Stories from the Front of the Room
Research demonstrates that faculty of color in historically white institutions experience higher levels of discrimination, cultural taxation, and emotional labor than their white colleagues. Despite efforts to recruit minority faculty, all of these factors undermine their scholarship, pedagogy, social experiences, promotion and retention. This edited volume builds upon the existing research on faculty of color, however, it also departs from the existing literature and unravels the socio-emotional experiences of being in front of the classroom, in labs, and in the Ivory Tower for faculty who are in multiple racialized social locations. In an effort to circulate the experiences of faculty of color more widely to academic and non-academic audiences, this edited volume replaces conventional scholarly technical papers with unconventionally accessible letters. Stories from the Front of the Room focuses on the boundaries which faculty of color encounter in everyday experiences on campus and presents a more complete picture of life in the academy - one that documents how faculty of color are tested, but also how they can not only overcome, but thrive in their respective educational institutions.

National Geographic Kids Extreme Records

release date: Jan 01, 2018
National Geographic Kids Extreme Records
A reference guide includes records and achievements made by humans, animals, and nature.--

Healing from Invisible Wounds

release date: Nov 21, 2016
Healing from Invisible Wounds
Are you fully healed from your invisible wounds? As Christians we have all faced moments of feeling pressed or oppressed by life situations. However, there is a way that one can live healed and as a body of Christ we are charged to help others as well to heal from invisible wounds. This begins with love and transforming our minds to the mind of Christ (see Romans 12:2). Most importantly, to not continue the Life Cycle of Complacency in dealing with any mental health, substance abuse, sexual addictions, or any other invisible wounds that try to overwhelm us. In these pages are insightful educational tools and resources to help not only yourself but others, and especially church leaders to assist others to not only get strong in their healing but also to remain strong in their healing from invisible wounds.

Avril's Phoenix

release date: Jul 19, 2019
Avril's Phoenix
A normal life can be extraordinary. Avril Bale has a beautiful life with her precious young daughter, a second baby on the way and a caring husband. She has it all, which makes her completely ill-prepared for the tragic loss that completely rocks the foundation of her security, her sense of fairness, and her faith. Each new day, Avril navigates the muddy waters of karma, balance, and belief as she progresses in her suburban pilgrimage towards a path of self-discovery and a new recognition of reality. Slowly, Avril learns to triumph over fear even as she is constantly looking over her shoulder for the next shoe to drop. And through it all, she tirelessly struggles to find a way for hope to fit into life''s new equation. In addition to her internal conflicts and personal guilt, Avril must deal with family and friends who don’t know how to handle her tragedy. Avril’s interactions with those around her are alternately heart wrenching, upsetting, and sometimes perversely comedic. And with each fresh day, she comes closer to recovery and claiming her new normal. Follow Avril as she tackles each new challenge with perseverance and humor in a world full of tough questions waiting for understanding. Avril’s Phoenix probes why bad things happen to good people. And beyond exploration, Avril begins to find answers. It is an uplifting, emotional voyage of a woman’s navigation through life following a heartbreak thought impossible to overcome.

Schizophrenia

release date: Dec 15, 2018
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia affects a person''s ability to think clearly and distinguish between reality and imagination. Historically, those suffering with the condition were treated poorly. However, scientific discoveries regarding the chemistry and structure of the brain, as well as recent advancements in medication and therapeutic treatments for the disease, have allowed many who suffer from schizophrenia to lead rewarding and meaningful lives. The informative text, augmented by in-depth sidebars, quotes from medical experts, detailed graphs, and full-color photographs, offers readers a clearer understanding of this often misunderstood condition and provides helpful resources to aid people with schizophrenia and their loved ones.

Sensual Healing

release date: May 01, 1999
Sensual Healing
Sensual Healing is an enticing, contemporary romance of human emotion that reveals the foundations of love, passion, betrayal and desire. Follow the tentative steps of Ariel Ashton, a beautiful, young, and naive grade school teacher, who''s volunteered at her city''s hospital. Among the many familiar faces she knows at the hospital, she meets the enigmatic Dr. Brandon Shields. His cold and hard visage fuels a forbidden longing deep within Ariel touching the very cords of her young heart. A disaster of fiery rumors circulate around the hospital and suddenly Ariel and Dr. Shields are thrown into a situation that can only reveal the depths of their hearts....

Sweet Bye-Bye

release date: Oct 15, 2007
Sweet Bye-Bye
My recipe for happiness was simple: Keep your man by your side, keep your game face on, and if at all possible, keep a Coach bag in your hand. Besides, if you keep up the front, they never really know how bad you feel ... Chantell Meyers figures she''s got her life together. After all, she''s envied for her successful, high-paying executive job; spending all the money and wearing all the clothes she could ever want; and a just-too-perfect fiance, Eric. Sure, she''d be the first to admit she''s never really at peace with herself. And she knows it''s been way too long since she set foot in church-or thought much about her relationship with God. But Chantell learned long ago, when her beloved mother died, that if you can''t forget your pain, the very next best thing to do is to hide it. Little by little, she has started to believe that looking and living good counts more -- and hurts a lot less -- than being real. Then suddenly her father has a near-fatal heart attack-and Chantell gets a major reality check. She promises God she will try to be a better person if her father pulls through. Yet it isn''t long before her good intentions begin unraveling her "good life" in the worst way. Before she knows it, she''s facing big-time betrayal in her personal life and a major meltdown at work. And when Keith Talbit, a childhood acquaintance, unexpectedly comes back into her life, she finds herself looking longingly at a successful, good-looking Christian man secure in himself and his walk-just the kind of man she''s sure she''s not worthy to love. Reeling from mega-drama and more bad news, this dedicated shopper must now look to God-and back into her past-to find out how she wants to spend the rest of her life. It will take everything she didn''t think she had to put her life in God''s hands...and truly "have it all."

HPV

release date: Jul 15, 2018
HPV
Although human papillomavirus, or HPV, is the most common sexually transmitted disease, many people are unaware of the effects it can have. Its symptoms are generally mild compared to other diseases, and many times, no symptoms are present, leading to the mistaken belief that HPV is not serious. However, it can cause several types of cancer in both men and women, so knowledge of how to prevent and treat it is crucial. Through informative sidebars, annotated quotes from medical experts, and detailed graphs, readers learn the true risks of this disease and what precautions they can take to protect themselves.

Awesome 8 Epic

release date: Apr 10, 2018
Awesome 8 Epic
Want to know the who/what/where of the coolest stuff on the planet? Count down with us in this fun picture list book, featuring the 8 most awesome things in over 50 fun categories. Stunning photographs illustrate the countdowns that include such engaging topics as Most Ancient Mysteries, Amazing Mazes to Get Lost In, Seriously Cool Space Sensations, Most Mighty Miniatures, Funkiest Food Mash-ups, Most Fabulous Fairy Tale Fashion Pieces, Most Clever Creatures, Highest Altitude Adventures, and so much more. Text light, but content rich, this book is so graphically eye-catching, and, you know, totally awesome, it will spark kids'' curiosity and inspire them to explore the world.

The Stress Factor

release date: Jun 13, 2018

Vaccines

release date: Dec 15, 2019
Vaccines
Vaccination has been cited as the most effective method of preventing the spread of infectious disease, and it has been credited with the eradication of such horrendous and potentially lethal illnesses as smallpox and polio. However, in recent years, growing numbers of parents have come to question the wisdom of vaccination, expressing fears over potential side effects on children. This informative text, augmented by in-depth sidebars, annotated quotes from medical experts, detailed graphs, and full-color photographs, explores the history of vaccines and provides a clearer understanding of the debate over the safety and efficacy of immunization programs.

Coming to America

release date: Jan 01, 1998

Fragments of Faith

release date: Apr 14, 2022
Fragments of Faith
WARNING: This novel will trigger your Gen X angst. It’s 1992 and Faith MacDonald''s final year of university in the small province of Prince Edward Island. Faith is on the cusp of adulthood and getting more and more stressed about her future with each passing day. Part of growing up means Faith needs to deal with things she’d rather forget, but she’s not confident she’s ready. Especially as she’s not thin enough yet – and being skinny will solve everything. Besides the internal pressure of figuring out next steps, Faith tries to navigate complicated relationships with her family, her roommate, a gorgeous student she’s stalking, and every latch-key kid''s eternal babysitter: the beloved television. Faith just wants love in her life. Or at least peace. And if she can’t find either, there’s always angry music to soothe her soul. And potato chips. But maybe the mysterious Mr.Darkness has something even better to offer ...

A Blessed Life Being Adopted

release date: Feb 07, 2024
A Blessed Life Being Adopted
In the fall of 1965, a baby girl was put up for adoption. Would she be blessed with a loving family who would take her in and love her like their own? How would this new family change the trajectory of her life? Would she ever meet her biological family again? In A Blessed Life, Michelle Harris recounts the events of her life from adoption to present day and the family she meets along the way. Through moments of personal pain and immense joy, it is clear that family is the necessary ingredient for a blessed life.

Lady Boss

release date: Nov 06, 2020
Lady Boss
Lady Boss is a beautifully designed yearly planner to help you to figure out what you really want in life, create your personal vision, define and breakdown your short and long-term goals, and incorporate them into each area of your daily life. The planner helps to cultivate a deeper connection with God and assist you in embracing your life purpose and begin taking the necessary steps to further step into your destiny. It also takes you along a journey to help you to be more effective in maintaining a balanced life, while working towards your goals and managing your daily tasks. This journal planner provides ample room for notes, daily goals, to-do lists, appointments, and upcoming events. Colorful monthly inspirational quotes and affirmations will brighten any day and help you to stay focused. The sturdy wire binding keeps the planner opened flat, and easily find the month you are looking for with the tabbed monthly pages.

What Doesn't Kill You

release date: Jul 17, 2017
What Doesn't Kill You
In the world we live in today, too often people are suffering in silence. We are looking for hope in a world where there seems to be none. Come with me on this journey of the unbreakable human spirit! In the face of divorce, neglect, mental and physical abuse the human spirit of one girl exhibits amazing resilience! Journey with me as we break through cultural barriers, expose taboos and pull down strong holds on this journey of discovery!

The C.L.A.R.I.T.Y Code Blueprint: Unlock The Leader Within You

release date: Feb 15, 2025
The C.L.A.R.I.T.Y Code Blueprint: Unlock The Leader Within You
In The C.L.A.R.I.T.Y Code Blueprint, Dr. Michelle Harris provides a transformational step-by-step guide to help leaders like you discover your purpose, reclaim your peace, and stay grounded in your authenticity. This book is more than a resource-it''s your essential roadmap for overcoming distractions and stepping boldly into the leader you were meant to be. Inside, you''ll gain powerful tools to: Navigate leadership challenges without losing your identity. Cultivate unshakable confidence and inner peace, even in chaotic moments. Align your actions with your purpose, creating meaningful and lasting impact. Whether you''re leading a team, growing a business, or embarking on personal growth, The C.L.A.R.I.T.Y Code Blueprint offers practical strategies and inspirational insights tailored to empower your journey. You''ll learn how to eliminate distractions, break free from limiting beliefs, and lead with a sense of direction and fulfillment. Dr. Michelle draws on years of experience and proven methods to equip you with the tools to thrive as a leader. With each chapter, you''ll feel more empowered to rise above the noise, embrace your calling, and pursue success while staying true to yourself. If you''re ready to unlock your potential, master the art of letting go, and lead with purpose, this is your moment. Start your journey to clarity, courage, and confidence today!

Zoom for Beginners

release date: Sep 03, 2020

Railroaded, Ruffed Up & Redeemed!

release date: Sep 01, 2009

A is for Apple Juice

release date: Jun 20, 2019
A is for Apple Juice
Every child needs at least one ABC book. This one will take you back to your own childhood as you read with your little one. With simple pictures and everyday words, your child will learn his ABC''s while you take a walk down Memory Lane. This book is a fun read for the whole family!

Don't Get Locked Out

release date: Nov 03, 2019
Don't Get Locked Out
A Simple And Easy Way To Keep Track Of Your Passwords So You Don''t Run The Risk Of Getting Locked Out By Putting In The Wrong Password Too Many Times!Passwords are hard to keep up with, and sometimes we forget to write them down. Often they are kept in a notebook or a random piece of paper that you can''t find when you really need to. Having your passwords organized in one place is what you need. Not only will this password notebook help keep you organized but it will also allow you to access them simply and easily. It is great for people who don''t want to try to guess what your passwords may be and run the risk of getting locked out. Size: 5"x9", small sizeAmount of pages: 106 pagesType: soft cover, matteDesign: cute cover design, white paper sheetInterior: Has consecutive areas to record website / username / password / notes)Additional interior: A-Z sections with Alphabet Guide Page Key Made-In: USA

Keto Diet Cookbook for Newbies

release date: May 20, 2021
Keto Diet Cookbook for Newbies
55% OFF FOR BOOKSTORES! Description Many have tried to do the weight loss regimes of maintaining different diets, adding on the weight loss pills and shakes, then religiously using certain exercise machines bought during the late-night browsing of the TV or the web, only to have it either fail in the pursuit of weight loss or to achieve some nominal success but then gain back all the weight and more when the dieting becomes too tough to endure. Does this all sound familiar? What would you think if somebody were to tell you that you would be able to lose weight effectively, gain more energy in your daily life and really, really enjoy better overall health if it just needed a change in your diet that doesn''t drive you crazy with hunger pangs whilst you are on it? The ketogenic diet is one diet that is able to fulfil all that and perhaps more with its primary focus on a low carbohydrate intake, moderate protein and high healthy fat dietary content. The diet gives you the ability to lose weight due to fat burning processes that occur the whole day, even in your sleep! This cookbook covers: - Introduction to Keto Diet - Breakfast Recipes - Snacks and Sides Recipes - Lunch Recipes - Dinner Recipes - Desserts Recipes In this book, you will learn about the Keto Diet and learn different recipes to lose weight quickly and effectively. So, what are you waiting for? Buy this book now!

Effortless Air Fryer Cookbook

release date: May 14, 2018
Effortless Air Fryer Cookbook
Do you like an idea of cooking healthy, oil-free and at the same time fried meals directly at home for your dinner? With the help of this cookbook you''ll have an opportunity to become free and don''t waste your time for everyday cooking. There are now more possibilities than ever to cook everything you love with all the health benefits and convenience of your home air fryer with The Effortless Air Fryer Cookbook. Air Fryer is an amazing kitchen appliance with the help of this you will be able to combine different healthy and delicious ingredients in tasty fried meals. And you don''t need to spend many hours every day to create these dishes. All you need is to choose one of recipes from Effortless Air Fryer Cookbook, load your air fryer appliance and continue doing your business. To help you get all benefits while using Air Fryer we designed a Cookbook where: Collected 175+ most valuable meat, seafood and vegetable recipes You will enrich your life with healthy oil-less meals Your cooking level will increase Under the cover of this book you''ll find: 175+ Recipes for breakfast, lunch, dinner Most delicious dessert recipes Preparation & cooking time Detailed list of ingredients for each recipe Only simple and tasty recipes which can be applied to any experience level in cooking Go ahead and grab you valuable copy right away!

My Minimalist Daily Journal

release date: Aug 24, 2018
My Minimalist Daily Journal
The new buzzword today is minimalism. If you are at the point in your life where a cluttered home or apartment is no longer acceptable than A Minimalist Journal is for you. There are a lot of minimalism books on the market, but documentation of your minimalism can translate into you living a meaningful life free of clutter. So why don''t you become part of the new minimalism movement today? It starts with you!

Implementing Classroom Libraries in Secondary Content Area Classrooms

Implementing Classroom Libraries in Secondary Content Area Classrooms
Many secondary schools in the Twin Rivers Unified School District (TRUSD) did not meet the criteria for Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) for 2011 in English Language Arts. Regardless of one''s agreement or disagreement with standardized tests as a measuring stick, the persistence and consistency of the results for these secondary schools suggest that there is an instructional problem in the English Language Arts program. Contributing to the solution is the main goal of this project.

Flood Vulnerability Assessment

release date: Jan 01, 2019
Flood Vulnerability Assessment
Beaufort is at risk to tidal flooding, storm surge, and high intensity rain events. In order to understand how vulnerable City assets are to tidal and precipitation-based flooding, the City engaged a collaborative team of investigators to conduct a study. This report summarizes the methods utilized by the research team to produce flood layers and analyze the vulnerabilities they conferred, the results of the vulnerability assessment, and a discussion of the implications of those results.

The Accretion of Lower Oceanic Crust

release date: Jan 01, 2011

Weird But True!

release date: Jan 01, 2021
Weird But True!
Dive into these fishy facts: Did you know that the prehistoric shark, megalodon, had jaws so big that it could swallow a car? Or that goats, pigs, dogs, cats, and even an alpaca have all learned how to surf? And if that''s not weird enough for ya, one man even rowed solo across the Pacific Ocean for 312 days! In this book filled with 300 wacky facts and pictures, you''ll glimpse the ocean''s weirdest wildlife, uncover shocking shipwrecks, and meet sensational seafarers, from pirates and sailors to ground-breaking marine scientists. Perfect for ocean enthusiasts and trivia-loving landlubbers alike!--

Transcriptional Plasticity in the Hippocampus and Its Role in Conditioned Place Avoidance Learning

release date: Jan 01, 2017
Transcriptional Plasticity in the Hippocampus and Its Role in Conditioned Place Avoidance Learning
For centuries, scientists and philosophers have sought to understand how the brain uses memory to drive changes in behavior. One challenge is that memory cannot be physically isolated. Memory is an instance in which an organism''s current behavior is determined by some aspect of its previous experience4. It an emergent property that researchers observe as an overt change at one or more levels of biological organization. Recent advances in molecular biology and neuroscience pushed our understanding past the concept of the neural doctrine (single neurons are the brain’s information processing unit of organization) and the central dogma of molecular biology (function is coded by the process DNA-u003eRNA-u003eProtein) which alone do not solve the problem of understanding how the brain stores and recalls memories that change animal behavior. Identifying the molecular basis of individual phenotypic variation is a major challenge for modern molecular neuroscientists. This research provides fundamental new insights into how transcriptional and electrophysiological variation arises both within the major principal cell class of the hippocampus that are crucial for learning, memory, and cognition. The first research chapter provides a thorough description of how a conditioned place avoidance paradigm and its associated stressors alter transcriptomic and synaptic activity in the hippocampus. I found that DG responds strongly with an upregulation of transcription factors in response to consistently reinforced place avoidance training. While CA1 responds to cognitive and stressful manipulations with up and down-regulation of biochemical pathways that are important for synaptic signaling. The second research chapter provides insight into how genetic manipulation alters behavior, physiology, and gene expression. I thoroughly explore and describe the effects of FMR1 gene knockout on avoidance learning, synaptic physiology, and gene expression. The main behavioral finding was that FMR1-KO mice use strategy for place avoidance that does not utilize hippocampal-dependent mechanisms of memory. Unexpectedly, learning was not as strong during initial training as expected based on published literature and the previous chapter; therefore, the results of these experiments should be interpreted with that caution. FMRP loss in mice has been shown to cause abnormal synaptic and structural plasticity in CA1 pyramidal cells and has been associated with impaired hippocampal function as well as cognitive deficits. To focus only on the effect of genotype and to better understand the transcriptional effects of gene-knockdown, I narrow my examination to the CA1 of naive animals (those without cognitive training to increase learning and memory). I detected minor changes in genes that encode proteins known to interact with FMRP directly. I found that downregulation of expression of Cacna1g, Efcab6, Serpina3n, and Sstr3 genes is robust by conducting open and reproducible analysis of primary and public data. Finally, the third thesis chapter provides a deeper understanding of how new technological methods for RNA sequencing influence our ability to detect stability and plasticity in hippocampal transcriptomes. This study constitutes a significant contribution to our understanding of how experimental techniques may or may not mask our ability to identify biologically meaningful signatures of the molecular mechanisms regulating behavior and brain function
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