Most Popular Books by Ian Clark

The conventional view of international society is that it is interested only in co-existence and order amongst states. This creates a puzzle. When the historical record is examined, we discover that international society has repeatedly signed up to normative principles that go well beyond this purpose. When it has done so, it has built new normative constraints into international legitimacy, and this is most conspicuously so when it has espoused broadly humanitarian principles. This suggests that the norms adopted by international society might be encouraged from the distinct constituency of world society. The book traces a series of historical case studies which issued in international affirmation of such principles: slave-trade abolition in 1815; the public conscience in 1899; social justice (but not racial equality) in 1919; human rights in 1945; and democracy as the only acceptable form of state in 1990. In each case, evidence is presented of world-society actors (transnational movements, advocacy networks, and INGOs) making the political running in support of a new principle, often in alliance with a leading state. At the same time, world society has mounted a normative case, and this can be seen as a degree of normative integration between international and world society. Each of the cases tells a fascinating story in its own right. Collectively, they contribute to the growing IR literature on the role of norms, and especially that written from a broadly English School or constructivist perspective. The book thereby puts some real historical flesh on the concept of world society, while forcing us to reconsider traditional views about the ''essential'' nature of international society.

There is now a major new interest in ethical issues about warfare emerging from the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, conflict in Syria and Libya, the war on terror, and the introduction of new weapon systems, such as unmanned drones. In this re-written version of the author''s classic text, Waging War, Ian Clark asks probing questions about how we think about war, the changes it is undergoing, and what exactly it is we wage when we wage war. Waging War argues that much of what passes for ethical debate is actually a set of disagreements about what counts as war or not. This philosophical introduction provides a critical review of the various different ways in which the ethical debates are already framed, the questions that arise from these debates, and seeks to bring greater clarity and precision to the important moral arguments about political violence.

A major re-thinking of the concept of hegemony in international relations. On the basis of historical examples, Ian Clark presents an innovative scheme for rethinking hegemony, and applies it to the US role in international organizations, in East Asia, and in the policy on climate change.

The word ''legitimacy'' is seldom far from the lips of practitioners of international affairs. The legitimacy of recent events - such as the wars in Kosovo and Iraq, the post-September 11 war on terror, and instances of humanitarian intervention - have been endlessly debated by publics around the globe. And yet the academic discipline of IR has largely neglected this concept. This book encourages us to take legitimacy seriously, both as a facet of international behaviour withpractical consequences, and as a theoretical concept necessary for understanding that behaviour. It offers a comprehensive historical and theoretical account of international legitimacy. It argues that the development of principles of legitimacy lie at the heart of what is meant by an international society,and in so doing fills a notable void in English school accounts of the subject.Part I provides a historical survey of the evolution of the practice of legitimacy from the ''age of discovery'' at the end of the 15th century. It explores how issues of legitimacy were interwoven with the great peace settlements of modern history - in 1648, 1713, 1815, 1919, and 1945. It offers a revisionist reading of the significance of Westphalia - not as the origin of a modern doctrine of sovereignty - but as a seminal stage in the development of an international society based on sharedprinciples of legitimacy. All of the historical chapters demonstrate how the twin dimensions of legitimacy - principles of rightful membership and of rightful conduct - have been thought about and developed in differing contexts.Part II then provides a trenchant analysis of legitimacy in contemporary international society. Deploying a number of short case studies, drawn mainly from the wars against Iraq in 1991 and 2003, and the Kosovo war of 1999, it sets out a theoretical account of the relationship between legitimacy, on the one hand, and consensus, norms, and equilibrium, on the other.This is the most sustained attempt to make sense of legitimacy in an IR context. Its conclusion, in the end, is that legitimacy matters, but in a complex way. Legitimacy is not to be discovered simply by straightforward application of other norms, such as legality and morality. Instead, legitimacy is an inherently political condition. What determines its attainability or not is as much the general political condition of international society at any one moment, as the conformity of its specificactions to set normative principles.

The hierarchy of states presents Ian Clark''s Reform and resistance in the international order, a well-established text on international relations first published in 1980, in a completely revised form. Combining a detailed examination of theory with a full account of historical developments, Dr Clark analyses the nature of international order - the hierarchical state system - and its potential for reform. The theory of international order is explored tracing two traditions of thought epitomised in the writings of Kant and Rousseau, whilst in a historical survey Dr Clark covers the main attempts to implement international order since 1815 and includes such aspects as concert diplomacy, alliance systems, international organisations as well as such informal understandings as nuclear deterrence, crisis management and spheres of influence. This revised edition contains two new chapters - one on international/world order issues and the other on ''macro'' changes between 1815 and 1990. Dr Clark has updated his discussion on the course of superpower relations and most of the material on the post-1945 period is introduced in this edition for the first time.

Globalization and Fragmentation offers a succinct, original critique of the century''s international developments. It sets out a challenging analysis of globalization as a process reflecting political relations both between and within states.

Who are the vulnerable, and what makes them so? Through an innovative application of English School theory, this book suggests that people are vulnerable not only to natural risks, but also to the workings of international society. This replicates the approach of those studies of natural disasters that now commonly present a social vulnerability analysis, showing how people are differentially exposed by their social location. Could international society have similar effects? This question is explored through the cases of political violence, climate change, human movement, and global health. These cases provide rich detail on how, through its social practices of the vulnerable, international society constructs the vulnerable in its own terms, and sets up regimes of protection that prioritize some forms at the expense of others. What this demonstrates above all is that, even if only a ''practical'' association, international society inevitably has moral consequences in the way it influences the relative distribution of harm. As a result, these four pressing policy issues now present themselves as fundamentally moral problems. Revising the arguments of E. H. Carr, the author points out the essentially contested normative nature of international order. However, instead of as a moral clash between revisionist and status quo powers, as Carr had suggested, the problem is instead one about the contested nature of vulnerability, insofar as vulnerability is an expression of power relations, but also gives rise to a moral claim. By providing a holistic treatment in this way, the book makes practical sense of the vulnerable, while also seeking to make moral sense of international society.

The controversial atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 represent the only occasions when atomic weapons have been employed in war, yet surprisingly little attention has been paid to the relationship between the bombings and the course of subsequent nuclear strategy. Dr. Clark contends that the August 1945 experience was crucially forma

There remains a lack of understanding of environmental isotopes and their use; students and practitioners typically find the concepts of isotope concentrations and partitioning to be more complicated than for geochemistry. However, this need not be so, if the basics are presented together with geochemistry, using case studies and examples to make the point. This new book presents the basics of environmental isotopes and geochemistry together, with case studies and simple examples that build a real understanding of their use in natural and contaminated groundwater.

The language of special responsibilities is ubiquitous in world politics, with policymakers and commentators alike speaking and acting as though particular states have, or ought to have, unique obligations in managing global problems. Surprisingly, scholars are yet to provide any in-depth analysis of this fascinating aspect of world politics. This path-breaking study examines the nature of special responsibilities, the complex politics that surround them and how they condition international social power. The argument is illustrated with detailed case-studies of nuclear proliferation, climate change and global finance. All three problems have been addressed by an allocation of special responsibilities, but while this has structured politics in these areas, it has also been the subject of ongoing contestation. With a focus on the United States, this book argues that power must be understood as a social phenomenon and that American power varies significantly across security, economic and environmental domains.

This book examines the legacy of economic and political aims and objectives formulated by the British government during, and immediately after the second world war. It examines contemporary patterns of regulation by the state, and reform in the industrial relations system as factors of these historically embedded influences. This book makes an important contribution to the history and theory of British post-war economics.

The United States has sought a willing regional actor to carry a larger share of the burden to maintain Southeast Asian security and stability -- without diminishing its regional leadership role -- since assuming the position from the British after WWII. In 1999, Australia led a peacekeeping force into East Timor, ostensibly fulfilling a long held desire by the United States to reduce its worldwide commitments. However, as other international organizations have demonstrated, the United States is obliged to accept a disproportionate burden of providing the public good of international security and stability. In Southeast Asia, where post-colonial states such as Indonesia are narrowly avoiding disintegration, the United States as the regional hegemon, must recognize its responsibility to carry a disproportionate share of the costs to maintain stability. In endeavoring to replicate the approach to the East Timor crisis and use it as a model for future peacekeeping scenarios, the United States will not consistently find a regional actor to duplicate the role Australia performed. Without U.S. leadership, and absent a UN force or regional actor capable of quickly deploying a peacekeeping force to a rapidly deteriorating situation, it is implausible that a comparable future crisis will be resolved without unacceptable humanitarian costs.

The exciting conclusion to the Elder Earth Saga that began in Prophecy of Shadows! The outcast warrior known as K''het tracks the immortal necromancer responsible for the murder of his mother and best friend. The old wizard has journeyed to the Plains of the Past, seeking to put an end to all living things on Elder Earth itself by reuniting the Geminus, one being of pure light, the other of pure shadow. The union of these exiled creatures will cause a cataclysm that would scorch the very heavens and leave all of Elder Earth a barren wasteland. K''het''s path will take him through tests of the mind and body in a land where magical energies are still at play and legendary beasts still roam. K''het seeks the aid of allies in the elf kingdom of Tanglewood Forest. He will need their wisdom to catch the necromancer in time and face his destiny.

This up-to-date analysis of the major political issues associated with the Indian Ocean region examines recent developments in South Asia, the Gulf, and Africa and their effect on Indian Ocean security matters and politics. Regional perspectives on the problems of the area are assessed, as are the roles played by the major external powers with regional interests-the United States, the Soviet Union, and France-and such international organizations as the United Nations. Nine of the chapters grew out of the International Conference on Indian Ocean Studies held in Perth, Australia, in August 1979. Three additional chapters were commissioned to ensure a comprehensive view of the issues discussed. This collaboration by recognized authorities is sure to become a standard reference in the field.

This book is concerned with the history of tourism at the Coranderrk Aboriginal Station at Healesville, northeast of Melbourne, which functioned as a government reserve from 1863 until its closure in 1924. At Coranderrk, Aboriginal mission interests and tourism intersected and the station became a ‘showplace’ of Aboriginal culture and the government policy of assimilation. The Aboriginal residents responded to tourist interest by staging cultural performances that involved boomerang throwing and traditional ways of lighting fires and by manufacturing and selling traditional artifacts. Whenever government policy impacted adversely on the Aboriginal community, the residents of Coranderrk took advantage of the opportunities offered to them by tourism to advance their political and cultural interests. This was particularly evident in the 1910s and 1920s when government policy moved to close the station.

Indigenous Australians have long understood sustainable hunting and harvesting, seasonal changes in flora and fauna, predator–prey relationships and imbalances, and seasonal fire management. Yet the extent of their knowledge and expertise has been largely unknown and underappreciated by non-Aboriginal colonists, especially in the south-east of Australia where Aboriginal culture was severely fractured. Aboriginal Biocultural Knowledge in South-eastern Australia is the first book to examine historical records from early colonists who interacted with south-eastern Australian Aboriginal communities and documented their understanding of the environment, natural resources such as water and plant and animal foods, medicine and other aspects of their material world. This book provides a compelling case for the importance of understanding Indigenous knowledge, to inform discussions around climate change, biodiversity, resource management, health and education. It will be a valuable reference for natural resource management agencies, academics in Indigenous studies and anyone interested in Aboriginal culture and knowledge.

A Historical Geography of Tourism in Victoria, Australia – Case studies is concerned with the emergence of tourism in colonial Victoria, Australia. It explores a fundamental set of questions: how does a tourist site come in to being? How does a tourist gaze emerge in a ‘settler society’? How does an ‘era of discovery’ segue into ‘tourism’? And, how was the tourist map of Victoria created by settler colonists? Through the application of the classical models of MacCannell, Butler, and Gunn to construct the history of tourism at eight case studies, this work shows that Victoria’s tourism landscape is dynamic and constantly changing. There are many other significant natural and cultural attractions in Victoria and much more research needs to be undertaken to understand more fully the evolution of Victoria’s tourism landscape.

Scars in the Landscape is a register of massacres and killings of Aboriginal people during 1803OCo1859. Deliberately challenging the ideology that the colonisation of Western Victoria was peaceful, the register reveal that violence was widespread. Through searching contemporary archival material, utilising Aboriginal oral history and local histories, and by studying place names in the region, Ian Clark presents a detailed, meticulously research study of massacres on one Australian region."

Why did Britain decide in 1947 to build an atomic bomb? What military plans were there for using it? This neglected dimension of British nuclear policy is assessed in detail for the first time, using confidential records - including those of the Chiefs of Staff - which have become available for the entire post-war decade. The emergence and evolution of British strategic ideas about nuclear deterrence and targeting are documented and analysed by Ian Clark and Nicholas J. Wheeler, who also argue that British thinking was distinctive and made a much more substantial impact on nuclear strategy than American accounts would suggest. They reveal that, from a perspective unique to British circumstances and traditions, British officials made a significant contribution to early thinking about nuclear weapons. This study covers the early shift from a ''countervalue'' to a damage limitation targeting posture, the assessment of the Soviet threat, the impact of the Korean War, the Global Strategy Paper of 1952, the decision to manufacture a hydrogen weapon in 1954, and the inter-service rivalries in the mid-1950s about the nature and size of the British strategic force. As well as providing a survey of British thinking, it is unusual in its focus on strategic comparisons between Britain and the United States.

What changed with the end of the Cold War? This book traces the main effects on Europe, Pacific Asia, the Middle East, and arms control. It considers the major developments in the global economy, patterns of security, and liberal human rights, providing the first comprehensive overview of the nature of the post-Cold War order. It argues that this order should be understood as a kind of peace settlement. How harsh was it, and what were its main provisions? Following a clear structure, Clark brings a clear historical perspective to bear on the existing debates about the post-Cold War order, looking at detailed studies of the settlement in Europe and other regions to explore the nature of the ''peace''. He develops a fresh way of looking at the global economy, international security, and the agenda of liberalism and human rights - all as aspects of the peace set in place at the end of the Cold War.

Nous croyons que nos vastes consultations menées auprès de bénéficiaires de subventions et de contributions, d''administrateurs de programmes, de représentants des organismes centraux, de membres élus et d''universitaires du domaine de l''administration publique nous ont fourni un point de vue équilibré sur les défis que présente l''amélioration de l''administration des programmes de subventions et de [...] Le Groupe a été chargé de « prodiguer des conseils sur la manière de renforcer la reddition de comptes à l''égard des fonds consacrés aux subventions et aux contributions... tout en permettant de les gérer efficacement et de garantir l''accès à ceux-ci ». Son mandat prévoyait également « l''identification des obstacles à l''accès pour les demandeurs de subventions et de contributions gouvernementales et [...] LES RECOMMANDATIONS GÉNÉRALES Comment atteindre le double objectif de la simplification de l''administration des programmes de subventions et de contributions et du renforcement de la responsabilisation? [...] Les Canadiens sont en droit de s''attendre à ce que les programmes de subventions et de contributions du gouvernement fédéral soient gérés de façon efficiente et efficace, tiennent compte de leurs besoins et soient astreints à l''obligation rigoureuse de rendre compte de l''utilisation adéquate des fonds publics affectés à ces fins. [...] Nous avons reçu plus de 40 points de vue par écrit et consulté individuellement des chefs d''entreprises, des représentants du secteur communautaire sans but lucratif, des dirigeants 2 Des lourdeurs administratives à des résultats clairs Subventions et contributions autochtones, des représentants de la collectivité des sciences et de la recherche, et des gestionnaires de programmes fédéraux.

Is something missing from your life? Impossible to put into words. Religion, faddy diets, exercise regimes, even science and the search for knowledge, none of these fill the void in your soul. One night in 2011 hell opened, chewed and swallowed me. From this came an understanding. On one hand it is mundane, some may shrug their shoulders and say "So what?" On the other hand it reveals how extraordinary nature is. It only says what and why the void is, there is no offer of a solution to filling it. How will the worlds of science, religion and even pseudo-science respond; disbelief, joy or dismay? Some wishful thinkers will be delighted, but please be cautious, I would not wish to visit the night from hell on anyone. Graham Clark - "Determination Ian''s middle name" Nathan Jones - "I believe this could be true, and another option has not yet been proven to me. When I asked my daughter if she thought it could be true, she said "Yes, I do. Because it has logic to it"" Kim Mercado - "I like you have suffered with night terrors, or whatever you want to call them. But I know other people don''t have them like that, so don''t stop I''m sure we not the only ones who seek answers." www.authori.co.uk Please feel free to join the conversation on Facebook www.facebook.com/4.26am

Globalization has become a key social-scientific concept of the 1990s. It makes a variety of contested claims: that, as the world shrinks, territory and distance have become less important; that there are no longer separate national economies; and that all humanity is now exposed to similartechnological, economic, social, and cultural pressures. Above all, it tends to call into question the continuing relevance of the state. As such, it appears to challenge directly most of the assumptions that lie at the heart of IR theory. However, rather than see globalization as something which makes traditional IR theory redundant, this book arguesfor a fruitful engagement between the two. It uses its distinctive account of globalization to address a wide range of issues in IR theory: sovereignty, the state''s role in economic management and security provision, the nature of community and the viability of democracy. Its basic argument is thatglobalization does not spell the end of the state. On the contrary, globalization is itself as much a reflection of changes in state practice that have already taken place. This clearly written and accessible account of the theoretical debates about globalization will be of use to students and academics across a range of disciplines, in particular those on globalization, IR theory, and IPE courses.

The Description for this book, Limited Nuclear War: Political Theory and War Conventions, will be forthcoming.

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