Most Popular Books by Hua Ge

Female model crossed into a blockhead? Accept your destiny? Hum! Look down on her!

She was the ninety-fourth generation descendant of the Long family. Once she opened her eyes, she would become the main princess of Cang Yao Country in the World of the Nine Continents.He was the number one Divine General of Canghai Kingdom. Everyone feared him, but there was only one person who was concerned with him.Her greatest task was to restore world order and save herself."I will never forget the grace of saving my life. Grand Princess, why not accept me? This king can fight, but ..." Warm bed ..."There''s no need to warm my bed. Bastard, get off my bed quickly!"

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels are increasingly being used in building enclosures due to their good structural and fire safety performance. However, prolonged exposure to moisture during construction and in service are durability concerns for most wood products, including CLT. The wetting and drying behavior of CLT wall assemblies can be studied by hygrothermal simulations in which a deterministic approach is normally used. However, in reality, there are always uncertainties in input parameters--such as material properties, environmental loads, and design variables--that may lead to discrepancies between simulation results and actual performance. The hygrothermal performance of 16 CLT wall assemblies with various design configurations was tested in a building envelope test facility, and discrepancies between simulations and measurements were observed. This paper further investigates the discrepancies between simulations and measurements of a CLT wall assembly with two different types of water-resistive barriers (WRBs) that were caused by the uncertainties of input parameters using sensitivity analyses. Simulation results obtained from DELPHIN and WUFI Pro simulation programs are compared with measurements for validation. The influential factors--including material properties, rain loads, and cladding ventilation rates--are studied using a one-factor-at-a-time method under different environmental loads. The examined parameters are assigned with two extreme values based on their uncertainties. The root mean square difference of CLT moisture content between the cases with the two extreme values is calculated to evaluate the importance of each parameter. The simulation results show that the influence of the moisture storage function is more significant than the moisture transport properties (i.e., vapor resistance factor and moisture diffusivity) and that the wall assembly with a vapor-permeable WRB is more sensitive to the variations in the rain deposition factor and cladding ventilation rate than the wall with a non-vapor-permeable WRB.

Metal curtain walls are widely used in commercial buildings and offer many advantages including space saving, high quality in manufacturing, light weight, significant aesthetic freedom, and rapid construction. However, their thermal performance is still low due to the fact that metal curtain walls consist of a large portion of glazing, and glass and metal are high heat conductors. In practice, metal curtain walls are referred to as "heat sink" in heating-dominant climate. The relatively low thermal resistance results in low surface temperature in cold winter, and thus may cause condensation and thermal discomfort problems in addition to high energy consumption. Initially, metal curtain walls grew within metal window industry and the current methodology and standards developed for evaluating window performance are also used for curtain walls. However, metal curtain walls differ from windows in that they have a much larger continuous glazing portion, more complex configuration and heat flow at the joints. Their overall performance depends on the interaction and integration of individual constituents as well as the performance of each component. However, the assessment of curtain wall performance by existing standards is segmented and no study has addressed the overall thermal performance of curtain walls by treating them as integrated systems. The objective of this study is to evaluate the overall thermal performance of metal curtain walls using a developed holistic approach for the purpose of providing technical information on the improvement of curtain wall design. A comprehensive research program has been designed and implemented to establish the overall performance of curtain walls by experimental testing, analytical and simulation studies. For the first time, extensive experimental testing has been conducted on full-scale specimen under field conditions reproduced in a large-scale environmental chamber. The two-story full-size specimen (3.8m by 6.7m) includes two commercially available curtain wall systems with different design details. The experimental program includes: (1) full-scale air leakage test, (2) thermal performance test, (3) measurement of local convection film coefficient, and, (4) measurement of local draft induced by curtain wall cold surface. The analytical and simulation studies include: (1) effect of design details on thermal transmittance using the simulation program FRAME, (2) effect of local film coefficients on the condensation resistance prediction using the simulation program FRAME, (3) effect of thermal performance of curtain walls on occupant thermal comfort and on energy consumption. Results from extensive testing and simulations have revealed the intricate links among the components, the overall wall assembly performance and the impact on the energy use and indoor comfort; and, therefore, provided solid technical information for manufacturers on the productive direction of future R & D and for designers on the selection of curtain wall systems to achieve energy-efficient buildings with healthy and comfort indoor environment. The extensive testing provided a valuable set of experimental data to validate the current and future computer simulation programs.