Best Selling Books by Cixin Liu

Mutually assured destruction has led to decades of peace between humanity and the Trisolarans, but a new force is awakening and this delicate balance can no longer hold... Half a century after the Doomsday Battle, the uneasy balance of Dark Forest Deterrence keeps the Trisolaran invaders at bay. Earth enjoys unprecedented prosperity due to the infusion of Trisolaran knowledge. With human science advancing daily and the Trisolarans adopting Earth culture, it seems that the two civilizations will soon be able to co-exist peacefully as equals without the terrible threat of mutually assured annihilation. But the peace has also made humanity complacent. Cheng Xin, an aerospace engineer from the early twenty-first century, awakens from hibernation in this new age. She brings with her knowledge of a long-forgotten program dating from the beginning of the Trisolar Crisis, and her very presence may upset the delicate balance between two worlds. Will humanity reach for the stars or die in its cradle? Death''s End is the New York Times bestselling conclusion to Cixin Liu''s tour-de-force series that began with The Three-Body Problem. "The War of the Worlds for the twenty-first century . . . Packed with a sense of wonder." --The Wall Street Journal "A meditation on technology, progress, morality, extinction, and knowledge that doubles as a cosmos- in-the-balance thriller." --NPR The Remembrance of Earth''s Past Trilogy The Three-Body Problem The Dark Forest Death''s End Other Books Ball Lightning (forthcoming)

The inspiration for the Netflix series 3 Body Problem! WINNER OF THE HUGO AWARD FOR BEST NOVEL Over 1 million copies sold in North America “A mind-bending epic.”—The New York Times • “War of the Worlds for the 21st century.”—The Wall Street Journal • “Fascinating.”—TIME • “Extraordinary.”—The New Yorker • “Wildly imaginative.”—Barack Obama • “Provocative.”—Slate • “A breakthrough book.”—George R. R. Martin • “Impossible to put down.”—GQ • “Absolutely mind-unfolding.”—NPR • “You should be reading Liu Cixin.”—The Washington Post The Three-Body Problem is the first novel in the groundbreaking, Hugo Award-winning series from China''s most beloved science fiction author, Cixin Liu. Set against the backdrop of China''s Cultural Revolution, a secret military project sends signals into space to establish contact with aliens. An alien civilization on the brink of destruction captures the signal and plans to invade Earth. Meanwhile, on Earth, different camps start forming, planning to either welcome the superior beings and help them take over a world seen as corrupt, or to fight against the invasion. The result is a science fiction masterpiece of enormous scope and vision. The Three-Body Problem Series The Three-Body Problem The Dark Forest Death''s End Other Books by Cixin Liu Ball Lightning Supernova Era To Hold Up the Sky The Wandering Earth A View from the Stars At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

From the author of the New York Times bestselling Three-Body Problem series—now a Netflix Original series—A View from the Stars is a new collection of short fiction and nonfiction pieces. A VIEW FROM THE STARS features a range of short works from the past three decades of New York Times bestselling author Cixin Liu''s prolific career, putting his nonfiction essays and short stories side-by-side for the first time. This collection includes essays and interviews that shed light on Liu''s experiences as a reader, writer, and lover of science fiction throughout his life, as well as short fiction that gives glimpses into the evolution of his imaginative voice over the years. “A vital collection. . . . down-to-earth, but unafraid to ask big questions.”—Publishers Weekly The Three-Body Problem Series The Three-Body Problem The Dark Forest Death''s End Other Books by Cixin Liu Ball Lightning Supernova Era To Hold Up the Sky The Wandering Earth A View from the Stars At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

From New York Times bestselling author Cixin Liu comes a short story collection of captivating visions of the future and incredible re-imaginings of the past. In To Hold Up the Sky, Cixin Liu takes us across time and space, from a rural mountain community where elementary students must use physicas to prevent an alien invasion; to coal mines in northern China where new technology will either save lives of unleash a fire that will burn for centuries; to a time very much like our own, when superstring computers predict our every move; to 10,000 years in the future, when humanity is finally able to begin anew; to the very collapse of the universe itself. Written between 1999 and 2017 and never before published in English, these stories came into being during decades of major change in China and will take you across time and space through the eyes of one of science fiction''s most visionary writers. Experience the limitless and pure joy of Cixin Liu''s writing and imagination in this stunning collection. Stories included are: Contraction Full Spectrum Barrage Jamming The Village Teacher Fire in the Earth Time Migration Ode to joy Cloud of Poems Mirror Sea of Dreams Cloud of Poems The Thinker At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Time is running out for humanity in The Dark Forest, the stunning sequel to Cixin Liu''s award-winning and bestselling masterpiece, The Three-Body Problem. Earth is still reeling from the revelation of a coming alien invasion. The aliens'' human collaborators may have been defeated, but the presence of the sophons, the subatomic particles that allow Trisolaris instant access to all human information, means that Earth''s defense plans are totally exposed to the enemy. Only the human mind remains a secret. This is the motivation for the Wallfacer Project, a daring plan that grants four people enormous resources to design secret strategies, hidden through deceit and misdirection from Earth and Trisolaris alike. Three of the Wallfacers are influential statesmen and scientists, but the fourth is a total unknown. Luo Ji, an unambitious Chinese astronomer and sociologist, is baffled by his new status. All he knows is that he''s the one Wallfacer that Trisolaris wants dead. The Dark Forest continues Cixin Liu''s ground-breaking saga of incredible scope and vision. "The War of the Worlds for the twenty-first century . . . Packed with a sense of wonder." --The Wall Street Journal "A meditation on technology, progress, morality, extinction, and knowledge that doubles as a cosmos- in-the-balance thriller." --NPR The Remembrance of Earth''s Past Trilogy The Three-Body Problem The Dark Forest Death''s End Other Books Ball Lightning (forthcoming)

From New York Times bestselling author Cixin Liu, The Wandering Earth is a science fiction short story collection featuring the title tale--the basis for the blockbuster international film, now streaming on Netflix. These ten stories, including five Chinese Galaxy Award-winners, are a blazingly original ode to planet Earth, its pasts, and its futures. Liu''s fiction takes the reader to the edge of the universe and the end of time, to meet stranger fates than we could have ever imagined. With a melancholic and keen understanding of human nature, Liu''s stories show humanity''s attempts to reason, navigate, and above all, survive in a desolate cosmos. At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

The first in a new series of graphic novels from Hugo Award-winning author Liu Cixin and Talos Press An annual ice sculpture festival draws the attention of an extraterrestrial visitor, who learns how to create such art and decides to use local resources to sculpt a piece in a gesture of goodwill. All the water in the ocean is sent to the stratosphere, where the ice sculptor uses splendid techniques to create crystal dominoes scattered by a giant of the cosmos. In the world of the ice sculptor, art is the sole reason for civilization’s existence. After the ice sculptor creates the pinnacle of beauty, but also brings forth devastation and disaster, humanity decides during Earth’s last breaths to fight for their survival. The first of sixteen new graphic novels from Liu Cixin and Talos Press, Sea of Dreams is an epic tale of the future that all science fiction fans will enjoy.

From the author of The Three-Body Problem, The Dark Forest, and Death''s End comes a story about unborn memories. With The Three-Body Problem, English-speaking listeners got their first chance to experience the multiple-award-winning and bestselling Three-Body Trilogy by China''s most beloved science fiction author, Cixin Liu. The Weight of Memories is a Tor.com Original story. At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

The fourth in a new series of graphic novels from Hugo Award-winning author Liu Cixin and Talos Press Ever since she was a child, Yuanyuan always dreamed of blowing big bubbles. But her father worries about her fascination—he wants Yuanyuan to be as responsible and devoted to a calling as her mother was. As an adult, Yuanyuan creates a multimillion-dollar business out of the technology she developed for her doctoral thesis. But she still dreams of blowing the biggest bubble she can. When his daughter uses her high-tech methods to blow a bubble big enough to envelop a city, Yuanyuan’s father thinks back to the dreams he and Yuanyuan’s mother chased when they were young. In the end, Yuanyuan’s bubbles bring her father’s dreams to life. The fourth of sixteen new graphic novels from Liu Cixin and Talos Press, Yuanyuan''s Bubbles is an epic tale of the future that all science fiction fans will enjoy.

From the New York Times bestselling author of the Three-Body Trilogy, Cixin Liu''s Ball Lightning is the story of what happens when the beauty of scientific inquiry runs up against the drive to harness new discoveries with no consideration of their possible consequences. When Chen’s parents are incinerated before his eyes by a blast of ball lightning, he devotes his life to cracking the secret of this mysterious natural phenomenon. His search takes him to stormy mountaintops, an experimental military weapons lab, and an old Soviet science station. The more he learns, the more he comes to realize that ball lightning is just the tip of an entirely new frontier. While Chen’s quest for answers gives purpose to his lonely life, it also pits him against soldiers and scientists with motives of their own: a beautiful army major with an obsession with dangerous weaponry, and a physicist who has no place for ethical considerations in his single-minded pursuit of knowledge. "Wildly imaginative."—Barack Obama on The Three-Body Problem trilogy Tor books by Cixin Liu The Three-Body Problem Series #1 The Three-Body Problem #2 The Dark Forest #3 Death''s End At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

The inspiration for the Netflix series 3 Body Problem! WINNER OF THE HUGO AWARD FOR BEST NOVEL Over 1 million copies sold in North America “A mind-bending epic.”—The New York Times • “War of the Worlds for the 21st century.”—The Wall Street Journal • “Fascinating.”—TIME • “Extraordinary.”—The New Yorker • “Wildly imaginative.”—Barack Obama • “Provocative.”—Slate • “A breakthrough book.”—George R. R. Martin • “Impossible to put down.”—GQ • “Absolutely mind-unfolding.”—NPR • “You should be reading Liu Cixin.”—The Washington Post The Three-Body Problem Series eBook bundle contains all three volumes of the groundbreaking, Hugo Award-winning series—The Three-Body Problem, The Dark Forest, and Death''s End—by China''s most beloved science fiction author, Cixin Liu. A secret military group sends signals into space in hopes of establishing contact with aliens—and succeeds. Picking up their signal is an alien civilization on the brink of destruction who now readies to invade Earth. News of the coming invasion divides humanity like never before. Some want to help the superior beings take over a world they see as corrupt. Others prepare to fight the invasion at all cost. The Three Body Problem trilogy is a ground-breaking saga of enormous scope and vision. The Three-Body Problem Series The Three-Body Problem The Dark Forest Death''s End Other Books by Cixin Liu Ball Lightning Supernova Era To Hold Up the Sky The Wandering Earth A View from the Stars At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

An international collaboration involving 26 writers and illustrators from 14 different countries have transformed 15 of Cixin Liu''s – ''China''s answer to Arthur C. Clarke'' (New Yorker) – award-winning stories into graphic novels. In the depths of mountains shrouded with ignorance and superstition, one man has dedicated his life to igniting a passion for maths and science in the hearts of the peasant children around him. Now his life is coming to its end, he draws his students around him so he can impart knowledge on them to his final breath. All the while, in a far corner of outer space, fifty thousand light-years away, an interstellar war that has waged for thousands of years is coming to an end. The victor plans to perform the full-scale extermination of any low-intelligence lifeforms that remain in what is now his solar system. In order to gauge the intelligence of a planet, the victor devises a test – posed to a group of lifeforms selected at random by a computer – of science and mathematics. On a green-and-blue planet nestled in a spiral arm of the Milky Way, the computer''s selection falls to a group of children, in the depths of mountains shrouded with ignorance and superstition... Praise for Cixin Liu: ''Your next favourite sci-fi novel'' Wired ''Immense'' Barack Obama ''Unique'' George R.R. Martin ''SF in the grand style'' Guardian ''Mind-altering and immersive'' Daily Mail ''A milestone in Chinese science-fiction'' New York Times ''China''s answer to Arthur C. Clarke'' New Yorker Winner of the Hugo and Galaxy Awards for Best Novel

From science fiction legend Cixin Liu, the New York Times bestselling and award-winning author of The Three-Body Problem, comes a vision of the future that reads “like Ursula K Le Guin rewriting The Lord of the Flies for the quantum age.” (NPR). In those days, Earth was a planet in space. In those days, Beijing was a city on Earth. On this night, history as known to humanity came to an end. Eight light years away, a star has died, creating a supernova event that showers Earth in deadly levels of radiation. Within a year, everyone over the age of thirteen will die. And so the countdown begins. Parents apprentice their children and try to pass on the knowledge needed to keep the world running. But when the world is theirs, the last generation may not want to continue the legacy left to them. And in shaping the future however they want, will the children usher in an era of bright beginnings or final mistakes? "This audacious and ultimately optimistic early work will give Liu''s English-reading fans a glimpse at his evolution as a writer and give any speculative fiction reader food for deep thought." -- Shelf Awareness At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

The collected stories of Cixin Liu, international bestselling author of The Three-Body Problem. From cosmological horror to wry satire, from first contact to the end of everything, these 32 stories explore our place in the universe, pitting the vastness of space against the fragility of humanity. The scale of Liu''s imagination is immense, exploring both the infinite and the infinitesimal, the epic and the intimate. Here, machine intelligences create art or sow terror, humanity is annihilated or created anew, alien civilizations come bearing gifts, or they come in the cold logic of universal war. Solar systems are devoured, planets are turned into spaceships, and time is reversed. With a physicist''s mind and a philosopher''s heart, Liu takes us to the boundaries of the cosmos and consciousness... but that''s just where his imagination begins. STORIES INCLUDE: With Her Eyes, Contraction, End of the Microcosmos, Whale Song, The Wandering Earth, Fire in the Earth, The Micro-Era, Full-Spectrum Barrage Jamming, The Village Teacher, The Messenger, Fibers, Sun of China, Devourer, Sea of Dreams, The Thinker, Destiny, Heard It in the Morning, Butterfly, Cannonball, Cloud of Poems, Glory and Dreams, Of Ants and Dinosaurs, Mirror, The Circle, For the Benefit of Mankind, Taking Care of God, Ode to Joy, Mountain, 2018-04-01, Moonlight, Curse 5.0, The Time Migration.

Based on the short story by Hugo Award–winning author Cixin Liu! One mysterious day, over twenty thousand otherworldly spaceships settle into stable orbit around Earth. Six months later, in a certain Asian village, a young girl named Zhihan discovers an old man who fell from the sky...but the strangeness doesn’t end there. Soon, many more elderly drifters in peculiar outfits begin descending all over the world, claiming they created human civilization. Now it’s humanity’s turn to take care of their Progenitors—but as Zhihan will soon learn, accepting God into your home isn’t such a simple matter...

Cixin Liu is one of the most important voices in world science fiction. A bestseller in China, his novel, The Three-Body Problem, was the first translated work of SF ever to win the Hugo Award. Liu''s writing takes the reader to the edge of the universe and the end of time, to meet stranger fates than we could have ever imagined. With a melancholic and keen understanding of human nature, Liu''s stories show humanity''s attempts to reason, navigate and, above all, survive in a desolate cosmos. Praise for Cixin Liu: ''Your next favourite sci-fi novel'' Wired ''Immense'' Barack Obama ''Unique'' George R.R. Martin ''SF in the grand style'' Guardian ''Mind-altering and immersive'' Daily Mail ''A milestone in Chinese science-fiction'' New York Times ''China''s answer to Arthur C. Clarke'' New Yorker Winner of the Hugo and Galaxy Awards for Best Novel

An international collaboration involving 26 writers and illustrators from 14 different countries have transformed 15 of Cixin Liu''s – ''China''s answer to Arthur C. Clarke'' (New Yorker) – award-winning stories into graphic novels. It was the Ice and Snow Arts Festival that lured the low-temperature artist to Earth. Drawn by the beauty and technical skill of the sculptures displayed, the extraterrestrial visitor longed to collaborate and share its own art. But while humans learnt to craft ice into exquisite ephemera, the low-temperature artist''s civilisation mastered the manipulation of whole worlds to create artworks – drawing on the seas and ice caps, and cooling their temperature to beautiful effect. Faced with the inevitable devastation and heat death of their planet, humankind must use their final breaths to fight for existence. But the artist will only speak to one human: Yan Dong, the ice sculptor whose beautiful work first drew its eye. Praise for Cixin Liu: ''Your next favourite sci-fi novel'' Wired ''Immense'' Barack Obama ''Unique'' George R.R. Martin ''SF in the grand style'' Guardian ''Mind-altering and immersive'' Daily Mail ''A milestone in Chinese science-fiction'' New York Times ''China''s answer to Arthur C. Clarke'' New Yorker Winner of the Hugo and Galaxy Awards for Best Novel

Download a FREE sneak peek of Superova Era, a new science fiction masterpiece from Cixin Liu, the New York Times bestselling and Hugo Award-winning author of The Three Body Problem! In those days, Earth was a planet in space. In those days, Beijing was a city on Earth. On this night, history as known to humanity came to an end. Eight light years away, a star has died, creating a supernova event that showers Earth in deadly levels of radiation. Within a year, everyone over the age of thirteen will die. And so the countdown begins. Parents apprentice their children and try to pass on the knowledge they''ll need to keep the world running. But the last generation may not want to carry the legacy of their parents’ world. And though they imagine a better, brighter world, they may bring about a future so dark humanity won''t survive. At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Boken bakom Netflix-serien med samma namn "Världarnas krig för 2000-talet." - Wall Street Journal The Three-Body Problem är den första chansen för svenska läsare att uppleva det Hugo Award-vinnande fenomenet från Kinas mest älskade science fiction-författare, Liu Cixin. Mot bakgrund av Kinas kulturrevolution skickar ett hemligt militärt projekt signaler ut i rymden för att etablera kontakt med utomjordingar. En utomjordisk civilisation på randen av förstörelse fångar signalen och planerar att invadera jorden. Under tiden, på jorden, börjar olika läger bildas, som planerar att antingen välkomna de överlägsna varelserna och hjälpa dem att ta över en värld som ses som korrupt, eller att kämpa mot invasionen. Resultatet är ett science fiction-mästerverk av enorm omfattning och vision.

El primer libro de la «Trilogía de los Tres Cuerpos», el fenómeno editorial chino que ha conquistado al mundo y ha ganado el premio Hugo 2015 a la mejor novela. El problema de los tres cuerpos es la primera novela no escrita originariamente en inglés galardonada con el premio Hugo, el Nobel del género de la ciencia ficción. Su autor, Cixin Liu, ha sido considerado el gran descubrimiento del género y es capaz de vender cuatro millones de ejemplares solamente en China y de hacerse con prescriptores de la talla de Barack Obama, quien seleccionó El problema de los tres cuerposcomo una de sus lecturas navideñas de 2015, y Mark Zuckerberg, que lo convirtió en la primera novela de su club de lectura. El público y la crítica de los cinco continentes se rinden ante esta obra maestra, enormemente visionaria, sobre el papel de la ciencia en nuestras sociedades, que nos ayuda a comprender el pasado y el futuro de China, pero también, leída en clave geopolítica, del mundo en que vivimos. ENGLISH DESCRIPTION Set against the backdrop of China''s Cultural Revolution, a secret military project sends signals into space to establish contact with aliens. An alien civilization on the brink of destruction captures the signal and plans to invade Earth. Meanwhile, on Earth, different camps start forming, planning to either welcome the superior beings and help them take over a world seen as corrupt, or to fight against the invasion. The result is a science fiction masterpiece of enormous scope and vision.

All the years of human civilization represent an infinitesimal fraction of the time since life first burgeoned on planet Earth. How likely is it, then, in those great depths of time, that humanity alone benefitted from the spark of intelligence which gave rise to culture? This is the question posed by China''s preeminent science fiction writer for more than twenty years and Hugo-Award-winner for The Three-Body Problem Cixin Liu in his magisterial new short novel, The Cretaceous Past. The answer he offers is unexpected, supposing an unlikely alliance between the largest creatures in the world of the deep past and some of the smallest. And it all begins with a toothache. When a Tyrannosaurus rex suffers pain from meat trapped between its enormous teeth, a nearby colony of ants risks entering the great creature''s maw to make their own repast from the remains of the dinosaur''s most recent meal. From this humble beginning, over the course of millennia, a symbiotic civilization achieves amazing advances, reaching dizzying heights in countless endeavors scientific and social, facing dangers and exploiting opportunities at every turn. In this absorbing tale, Cixin Liu manages to describe the history of successive epochs of a might-have-been world, doing for the past what Olaf Stapledon''s classic Last and First Men did for the future. Here, Liu embarks on a new journey, sure to please the legions of devoted readers of the Remembrance of Earth''s Past trilogy. The Cretaceous Past offers Liu at his finest, demonstrating flights of imagination and depths of speculation sure to reward new fans and old alike.

A satirical fable, a political allegory and an ecological warning from the author of The Three-Body Problem. On an otherwise ordinary day in the late Cretaceous, the seeds of Earth''s first and greatest civilization were sown in the grisly aftermath of a Tyrannosaurus'' lunch. From humble tooth-picking origins, ants and dinosaurs – two species so unalike and yet so complementary – forged an alliance that culminated in an antimatter-powered Age of Wonder. But such magnificent industry came at a price – a price paid first by Earth''s biosphere, and then by all those dependent on it. And yet the dinosaurs refused to heed all warning of impending ecological collapse, leaving the ants facing a single dilemma: destroy their allies... or perish alongside them? ''Made my brain itch with its creativity and klaxon alarm... Deceptively simple and brilliantly clever, I simply adored it'' LoveReading ''Liu''s sense of fun is contagious'' Locus

Future SF is a magazine focusing on international science fiction. This issue features stories from Mexico, China, Croatia, and the United States. “The Second Celeste” by Alberto Chimal (Mexico), translated by Patrick Weill “The Two Festivals that Cannot Coexist” by Liu Cixin (China), translated by Nathan Faries “The Office Drone” by Nic Lipitz (USA)“Perfect Date” by Jelena Dunato (Croatia)| “The Final Test” by Ti Sha (China), translated by Judith Huang

Download a FREE sneak peek of Ball Lightning! "Wildly imaginative." —Barack Obama on The Three-Body Problem trilogy A new science fiction adventure from the New York Times bestselling and award-winning author of the Three-Body Trilogy. When Chen’s parents are incinerated before his eyes by a blast of ball lightning, he devotes his life to cracking the secret of this mysterious natural phenomenon. His search takes him to stormy mountaintops, an experimental military weapons lab, and an old Soviet science station. The more he learns, the more he comes to realize that ball lightning is just the tip of an entirely new frontier. While Chen’s quest for answers gives purpose to his lonely life, it also pits him against soldiers and scientists with motives of their own: a beautiful army major with an obsession with dangerous weaponry, and a physicist who has no place for ethical considerations in his single-minded pursuit of knowledge. Ball Lightning, by award-winning Chinese science fiction author Cixin Liu, is a fast-paced story of what happens when the beauty of scientific inquiry runs up against the drive to harness new discoveries with no consideration of their possible consequences. At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

A collection of some of the best original science fiction and fantasy short fiction published on Tor.com in 2016. Includes stories by: Charlie Jane Anders Nina Allan Tara Isabella Burton Monica Byrne Rebecca Campbell P. Djèlí Clark Indrapramit Das Alix E. Harrow N. K. Jemisin Margaret Killjoy Cixin Liu Melissa Marr David Nickle Laurie Penny Daniel Polansky Lettie Prell Delia Sherman Angela Slatter Caighlan Smith Lavie Tidhar Rajnar Vajra Genevieve Valentine Carrie Vaughn Alyssa Wong At the Publisher''s request, this title is being sold without Digital Rights Management Software (DRM) applied.

Der Roman zum Netflix-Blockbuster »Three-Body Problem« China, Ende der 1960er-Jahre: Während im ganzen Land die Kulturrevolution tobt, beginnt eine kleine Gruppe von Astrophysikern, Politkommissaren und Ingenieuren ein streng geheimes Forschungsprojekt. Ihre Aufgabe: Signale ins All zu senden und noch vor allen anderen Nationen Kontakt mit Außerirdischen aufzunehmen. Fünfzig Jahre später wird diese Vision Wirklichkeit – auf eine so erschreckende, umwälzende und globale Weise, dass dieser Kontakt das Schicksal der Menschheit für immer verändern wird.