New Releases by tim seeley

Godzilla is coming to America, and its first stop? CHICAGO! Join a star-studded crew of Chicago comics creators through four epic stories across the Windy City. The L train experiences its worst delays yet, Godzilla interrupts a major sporting event, and a new Chicago-based superhero reaches the end of her rope. This issue features a superstar lineup of creators including Tim Seeley (The Local Man, Grayson), Mike Costa (God is Dead) and Ryan Browne (Eight Billion Genies, Curse Words), Caroline Cash (PeePee PooPoo Comics), and Ezra Clayton Daniels (Upgrade Soul, BTTM FDRS)! Join us at the start of a new anthology series that follows Godzilla across the United States!

With Panda trapped inside the School for the Contractual Arts with a slasher, it''s up to Cassie Hack to save her @$$. But Panda, newly trained in bagging bodies, ain''t gonna take any $%&# from some spooky &(%&...especially when she''s got classmates to impress! And, Vlad is sent after Mack Delgado, aka Clownface. But with Mack convinced an assassin is after him, machetes are going to fly. The epic re-introduction of JASON PEARSON''s cult heroes continues by the original creators of HACK/SLASH!

MINISERIES PREMIERE JASON PEARSONÕs legendary creations return to comics! When slasher hunters Cassie Hack & Vlad roll into Terminus, GA"in search of a killer, theyÕre instantly up to their asses in bounty hunters! Meanwhile, Mack Clownface Delgado needs to school his daughter Panda in the ways of Bodybagging, and it needs to happen quickly, which means a private school lock-in for baggers in training--and a"teen-slicing slasher. Yeah, big knives, short skirts, and swear words are gonna start flying. Worlds collide in the most twisted crossover of 2024, that reintroduces the cult-favorite crew of BODY BAGS, from Eisner nominee TIM SEELEY (LOCAL MAN, HACK/SLASH) and OG HACK/SLASH artist STEFANO CASELLI (Ultimate Black Panther, X-Men)!

Swords, sorcery, and mad science square off as the cult-cinema hero DEATHSTALKER bursts into comics with an all-star lineup of creators featuring SLASH (Guns N’ Roses) in this action-packed adventure! The cult-cinema hero Deathstalker bursts into comics from an all-star lineup of creators including Slash (Guns N’ Roses), writer-director Steven Kostanski (The Void), Tim Seeley (Hack/Slash) and Jim Terry (West of Sundown). Hired to escort a perfect priestess and her to a celebration of purity, Deathstalker’s journey doesn’t go as planned (damn those good looks and big sword). Once again, Deathstalker is on the run caught between forces larger than himself, including the virgin-worshipping cult, a sorcerer hell-bent on saving the world through mad science, and the pissed-off army of the Abraxeon kingdom…not to mention his ex-lover, Princess Evie. Monsters, magic, and mayhem abound! Can’t a guy just swing his sword anymore? Slash Presents: DEATHSTALKER: The Damned Blood Written by Tim Seeley (Vampire: The Masquerade, Money Shot, West of Sundown, Hack/Slash, Revealer), Steven Kostanski (writer/director of The Void and Psycho Goreman), and Slash (Guns N’ Roses). Illustrated by Jim Terry (West of Sundown, Heavy Metal, Come Home, Indio) Cover Art by the legendary fantasy artist Boris Vallejo and modern master Nathan C. Gooden (Barbaric, Brandon Sanderson’s Dark One). The Deathstalker Kickstarter (for exclusive hardcovers) was fully funded in less than 12 hours, sported the much-coveted “Projects We Love” label, was a “Featured Project of the Day!,” and overfunded 150%! The DEATHSTALKER: The Damned Blood trade paperback is the prequel to the upcoming movie reboot of DEATHSTALKER (by director Steven Kostanski) and includes the entire 3-issue miniseries and the BARBARIC vs. DEATHSTALKER crossover one-shot (written by Michael Moreci (Barbaric, Wasted Space, Revealer, The Plot, Spree) and Tim Seeley, illustrated by Nathan C. Gooden)! The super special one-shot features the cursed barbarian Owen and the warrior- king Deathstalker as the two most reluctant heroes of all time to square off in a clash of steel. It’s Axe vs. Sword in this epic crossover! For fans of: Conan the Barbarian, Barbaric, the Deathstalker movies, Head Lopper, Rumble, Spawn, Hellboy, God is Dead, I Hate Fairyland, Red Sonja, Little Bird, Hack/Slash, Queen of Swords: A Barbaric Tale, and Dark Knights of Steel.

When the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles came across Krang and Shredder making a deal with some otherworldly ‘demon-mage’ named Skeletor, things got hella- weird and they ended up in ETERNIA! It turns out, when you mix Ultrom mutagen with demon magic you get a nasty purple poison—and it’s brought Eternia to the brink of chaos. So, Leo, Raph, Donnie, and Mikey are teaming up with the Masters of the Universe to kick some blue boney butt. The only problem is…He-Man is missing in action. Expands on the Masters of the Universe and Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle franchises. Four issue series.

Local Man is reunited with his former archenemy just in time to meet this new one. THEIR new one. Now, Jack and Inga have to rescue the one man that hates them more than they hate each other to confront a villain who will change the future of the Image Universe by remaking its past.

Brave and the Bold enters its second year with five tremendous tales! Nightwing and Deadman face the ghosts of the circus, as presented in spectacularly horrific detail by Kelley Jones! Booster Gold (allegedly) causes a disaster that must be fixed by…the JURASSIC LEAGUE?! Artemis’s quest comes to its stunning conclusion! Batman and Guy Gardner face high strangeness when a UFO crashes in Gotham! And finally, Jason Shawn Alexander brings his legendary talents to Batman Black and White!

The unseen adventures of Prince Adam’s first year as He-Man! On the world of Eternia, a fragile balance exists between science and magic, a balance kept by the universe’s mightiest hero, He-Man, secretly Prince Adam, heir to the throne! Still inexperienced at saving the world, Adam and his companions travel to the mysterious nation of Anwat Gar, and uncover a plot by the evil Skeletor to seize control of the advanced technology that powers the island city! Collecting Masters of the Universe: Forge of Destiny #1–#4, magic, mystery, and adventure await in this exciting prequel to the hit Netflix series!

Spinning out of the world of the hit Minor Threats superhero series created by Patton Oswalt, Jordan Blum, and Scott Hepburn comes a new tale of costumed underdogs—featuring a support group for superheroes, struggling to reclaim their mediocre lives after tasting their true potential. Mary the Multi-Monster! The Tripper! Crab Louie! Kid Curious! Persona! These offbeat b-list superheroes, formerly known as The Alternates, seemingly sacrificed themselves to stop an invasion from another dimension. Instead they were transported to a mirror reality where they lived complex lives in a more four-dimensional existence—expanding both their powers and consciousness. Five years later they''ve returned to Twilight City, struggling to reacclimate to their old lives in a traditional two-dimensional superhero world—in withdrawal from the vivid ones they left behind. When elements from this alternate reality turn up as a dangerous new street drug, some of the heroes band together to destroy it, while others succumb to its temptation. Illustrated by Tess Fowler (Rat Queens) and Christopher Mitten (Hellboy, 30 Days of Night) and featuring pinups by Fabio Moon, Tony Fleecs, Ryan Browne, Martin Simmonds, and more! Collects The Alternates #1–#4.

Inga Johanning, Local ManÕs ex-girlfriend and current archenemy, is on the run. Her journey will bring her face-to-face with her past, her crimes, and two of the other badass ladies in the Local Man UniverseÑ Neon peers through the pink fog to reveal her dark, violent origin. Frightside encounters Crossjack and tests the selfishness in his heart. A perfect jumping-on point for new readers and a must-have for fans who loveÑand especially those who hateÑthe long-gone days of blood-splattered breasts, big blades, and bad girls.Ê Features an epic triptych cover series by TIM SEELEY & BRIAN REBER.

Global best-selling World of Darkness RPG phenomena, VAMPIRE: The Masquerade and WEREWOLF: The Apocalypse are CAPTURED TOGETHER FOR THE FIRST TIME IN A COMPLETE SERIES OMNIBUS EDITION, featuring VAMPIRE: The Masquerade Winter''s Teeth issues #1-#10 and the crossover Vampire: The Masquerade and World of Darkness: CRIMSON THAW event series, issues #1-#3! UNSEEN EVIL LURKS EVERYWHERE IN THE WORLD OF DARKNESS VAMPIRE: THE MASQUERADE The Complete Series collects all 10 issues of Vampire: The Masquerade: Winter’s Teeth and all 3 issues of the never-before-collected vampire/werewolf crossover World of Darkness: Crimson Thaw, plus more than 30 pages of original roleplaying supplements, including lore sheets for playable characters featured in the series!! Vampire: The Masquerade: Winter’s Teeth A tale of two vampires in the Twin Cities… When Cecily Bain, an enforcer for the Twin Cities’ vampiric elite, takes a mysterious new vampire, Alejandra, under her wing, she’s dragged into an insidious conspiracy. After learning a disturbing fact about her fake childe’s past, Cecily must keep her secrets close, and Ali at arm’s length. As she searches the streets of the Twin Cities for answers, a terrifying possibility surfaces: perhaps Ali has learned the ways of the Kindred better than Cecily herself. Meanwhile, on the outskirts of the cities, Colleen Pendergrass, embraced by her husband against her will, and a rebellious found-family of vampire cast-outs investigates a vicious killing. As the unlives of the Kindred twine together and betrayals are unearthed, will Cecily be able to escape and save what’s left of her family, or will she be yet another pawn sacrificed to maintain the age-old secret: that vampires exist among the living? World of Darkness: Crimson Thaw There''s worse living in the shadows than vampires … something with even bigger teeth. Cecily Bain has become everything she never wanted as The Prince of the Twin Cities. But her rule over a fractured, backbiting vampire court is interrupted by an intruder: something big, hairy and full of teeth. For over a century, werewolves of the Twin Cities have protected their blessed places from threats both physical and spiritual. When vampires under Cecily’s rule move in on one of these precious sites, it’s a declaration of war, one that Tyrell ‘the Stainless’ Stinar and his ferocious pack will avenge at any cost, even if that includes slaying one of their own.The immortal enmity between the Kindred and the Garou comes to a head on the streets of the Twin Cities! For fans of VAMPIRE: The Masquerade RPG, WEREWOLF: The Apocalypse RPG, The World of Darkness, American Vampire, Killadelphia, Something is Killing the Children, Interview with the Vampire, The Vampire Lestat/The Vampire Chronicles, Sookie Stackhouse/Southern Vampire Mysteries/True Blood, Certain Dark Things, Underworld, and vampire/werewolf/monster graphic novels, tabletop/RPGs, books, movies, video games, and series! “This is a fresh take on vampires, mixing it with crime, thrillers, and a pinch of romance all with a vein of horror running through it.” -- Horror DNA “… strongly recommend this book to both fans of the franchise and newcomers.” – Grimdark Magazine “Vampire: the Masquerade … is an enjoyable read even if you’re not familiar with the RPG… like the real world, but with hotter outfits, blood, and fangs. – Graphic Policy

Jack knows it all. He''s a real damn detective, not just a washed-up 90s superhero. But will he be able to accept a truth that will change the way he thinks about himself, his powers, his family, and the crappy town he''s chosen to protect? More importantly, will he able to escape the literal tidal wave rolling down Main Street?

Eine brandneue He-Man and the Masters of the Universe-Geschichte mit Zeichnungen von einigen der berühmtesten Namen der Comicszene. In den Tiefen von Schloss Grayskull beurteilen die Sorceress und Zodac den Wert von He-Man. Um das Leben ihres Helden zu retten, muss die Zauberin den Cosmic Enforcer auf eine Reise durch das Multiversum mitnehmen! Mit völlig neuen Welten und brandneuen He-Men, geschrieben von Masters of the Universe-Kenner Tim Seeley (Masters of the Multiverse) und mit zauberhaften und originellen Visionen von Sergio Aragonés, Kelley Jones, E.J. Su, Eddie Nunez, Victor Santos, Claudia Balboni, David Rubín, Daniel Lopez und Fico Ossio.

Tripper, the hard-traveling hero of the highways, has always counted on his alien compass to point him to where he needed to be. As The Alternates continue to hunt for the source of the reality-warping drug known as Prestige, Tripper discovers he may have accidentally just led his support group of heroes to the slaughter. As the mystery of what happened in The Ledge deepens so does the danger when the powerful super being The Searcher (from Minor Threats vol. 1!) comes a callin''! Co-written by Hack/Slash''s Tim Seeley and featuring artwork by Christopher Mitten (Hellboy) and Tess Fowler (Kid Lobotomy).

A brand-new He-Man and the Masters of the Universe fantasy anthology series featuring art from some of the most celebrated names in comics. In the depths of Castle Grayskull, the Sorceress and Zodac debate the value of He-Man. To save the life of her champion, the Sorceress must take the Cosmic Enforcer on a tour of the multiverse. Featuring all-news worlds and all-new He-Men! Written by Masters of the Universe alum Tim Seeley (Masters of the Multiverse, The Art of He-Man and the Masters of the Universe), with daring, original visions by Sergio Aragonés (Groo, Mad Magazine), Kelley Jones (Batman, Deadman), E.J. Su (Tranformers), Eddie Nunez, Victor Santos (Polar), Claudia Balboni (Killer Queens, Star Trek), David Rubín (Ether, Rumble), Daniel Lopez, and Fico Ossio (Marvel Action: Spider-Man). Collects Masters of the Universe: Masterverse #1–#4.

**STRAY DOGS** creator **TONY FLEECS** teams with **REVIVAL**''s **TIM SEELEY** for a wildly critically acclaimed story that combines rural crime noir and superhero action. Once, JACK XAVER, star recruit of the media sensation super-team THIRD GEN, had it all. But when controversy sends CROSSJACK crawling back to his mom and dad''s basement in the Midwest, Jack struggles to fit into a world he left far behind. And then the bodies start piling up. Collects the complete first arc of the smash-hit series that **Comicbook.com** calls "a thought-provoking send-up to one of comics'' weirdest eras, and if you''re not reading it right now, you are absolutely missing out." **Collects LOCAL MAN #1-5**

From Dusk Till Dawn and American Vampire meet The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen in this terrifying tale of the Old West, survival, blood, and monsters. La Sangre es la Vida A beautiful vampire must flee monster slayers in New York City and reclaim the ancestral soil that restores her undead flesh. But the world has changed since she was reborn in the New Mexico desert, and now, Constance Der Abend and her loyal assistant Dooley , must adapt to life in the rough frontier town of Sangre De Moro, where all sorts of monsters have settled. West of Sundown – where Hammer Horror and literary monsters stake their claim in old New Mexico. A Western tale of survival starring a cast of literary horrors from the diabolical minds of Tim Seeley (Money Shot, Revealer, Vampire: The Masquerade, Hack/Slash, and the upcoming Slash Presents: Deathstalker), Aaron Campbell (Hellblazer, Infidel), and Jim Terry (Vampirella, Come Home, Indio, and the upcoming Slash Presents: Deathstalker)! For fans of Westworld, Red Dead Redemption, American Vampire, The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen, Hammer Horror films, Universal monsters, and Preacher! Read the entire ongoing wild west horror saga: West of Sundown! West of Sundown Vol. 1: Out Beyond the Dust N'' Dark collects the 5-issue first arc (#1 - #5) of the smash-hit series! West of Sundown Vol. 2: Youthful Blasphemy collects the second 5-issue arc (#6 - # 10) of the series! "If you like your horse operas bloody, if you thought The Searchers was fine, except for all the missing vampires and werewolves and monsters, then … Tim Seeley, Aaron Campbell, and Jim Terry have a book here for you. Come walk with them through the Old West, and don’t trust them when they tell you it’s all going to be fine. It’s not. And we wouldn’t have it any other way.” --Stephen Graham Jones (New York Times bestselling author of The Only Good Indians, My Heart is a Chainsaw, and Don''t Fear the Reaper) “…a tawdry monster mash that’s bloody entertaining” – Publishers Weekly (Starred Review) "Vigorous, bloody pulp fiction boned with fierce intelligence and blooded with delicate observation. This just might be the start of the best monster universe since Universal''s." -- Daniel Kraus (New York Times bestselling author of The Shape of Water, Trollhunters, and The Autumnal) “Western gets weird in this gore-strewn, rollicking adventure set in the 1870s …with a wink toward gothic Victorian horror.” – Publishers Weekly (Starred Review)

From Tim Seeley (Hack/Slash, Revival) and Fran Galan (Lucky Devil) comes this horror saga about nostalgia, heavy metal music, hell, and redemption. More than thirty years after his heyday, a former heavy metal roadie must return to the backroads of America to do a job he thought he''d retired from: exorcist. But this time, he''s not saving groupies and drunk bassists. He''s trying to save his daughter. Collects The Roadie #1–#4.

A clue to the murder of his archenemy leads LOCAL MAN to an abandoned quarry—and into a brutal conflict with his former teammate, CAMO CRUSADER. What event drove the man formerly known as CROSSJACK from the THIRD GEN team? And why does CAMO hate him so %^$&ing much? Meanwhile, in the past, the star-lost trio of CROSSJACK, CAMO, and NEON find themselves on a savage planet, facing killer aliens and devastating questions.

In almost every slasher movie, there’s one girl who makes it all the way to the end. She’s the survivor…the final girl. Meet Cassie Hack, the lone survivor of an attack by the vicious slasher known as the Lunch Lady. Now Cassie and her monstrous partner Vlad travel the country, hunting down and killing other slashers before they can leave a trail of blood and terror. This HACK/SLASH DELUXE EDITION collects issues 18-34 of the HACK/SLASH ongoing series, as well as the award-winning “ENTRY WOUND” one-shot, and features the debut of fan-favorite characters Cat Curio and Samhain. Also includes a brand new bonus story by TIM SEELEY! Collects HACK/SLASH #18-34 and the “ENTRY WOUND” one-shot

The hero formerly known as CROSSJACK is on the hunt for a murderer, a trail that leads him directly to a self-help guru who was once his sworn enemy: the villain known as FRIGHTSIDE. Now, the “Local Man” must find out what she knows before his high school sweetheart’s cop husband throws him in a cell. Meanwhile, in the past, Crossjack and Neon battle demons and angels (both real and psychological) at the end of the world. Cover B by Image Comics legend BRETT “BACKLASH” BOOTH!!

The android maid of the Marks family has saved Jessie from death buying her soul, and now she is bound to a new mission in service to The Darkest Depths. But while she stalks the streets of Low-Town, the powerful forces she threatens are aware of her existence and plan to stop her immediately!

The service android Which-Where has purchased a soul, saving Jessie Marks. But, there is a cost: she must return beings who escaped from Hell to their masters…vampires, werewolves, demons. Now she hunts Low-Town for monsters, unaware that she’s also hunted…by the vampire-witch, Sister Invictus!

Our all-star celebration of Image''s 30th anniversary rolls on, including all-new shorts by ED BRUBAKER & SEAN PHILLIPS, CHUCK BROWN & STEVEN STATZ, SIMON ROY, and JOHN ARCUDI & DOUG MAHNKE. Plus: more of "The Blizzard" by GEOFF JOHNS & ANDREA MUTTI, "Closer" by KIERON GILLEN & STEVE LIEBER, "Red Stitches" by BRENDEN FLETCHER & ERICA HENDERSON, "Gehenna" by PATRICK KINDLON & MAURIZIO ROSENZWEIG, "Hack/Slash vs. Image" by TIM SEELEY & STEFANO CASELLI, "Billy Dogma" by DEAN HASPIEL and "Stupid Fresh Mess" by SKOTTIE YOUNG!

Why sell your soul...when you can buy a new one? In a corporate-ruled world where class inequality is greater than ever, a desperate, lonely populace is drawn to neo-spiritualism and hedge magic. When their teenage daughter is murdered, the Marks family is left asking the gods what they did to deserve this. But their android maid, Which-Where, has a different approach. Perhaps if she asked the devil... A new futuristic miniseries by acclaimed creator TIM SEELEY (HACK/SLASH, REVIVAL, Nightwing, Superman vs. Lobo) and rising star ZULEMA SCOTTO LAVINA (Red Sonja, The Little Mermaid)! THE MAGIC ORDER meets Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? in this dark mashup of witchcraft and sci-fi.

Our all-star celebration of Image''s 30th anniversary rolls on with an all-new CASANOVA story by MATT FRACTION GABRIEL Ba & FABIO MOON! Plus: THE DEPARTMENT OF TRUTH by JAMES TYNION IV & SIMMONDS and "The Blizzard" by PAUL GRIST begin a three-part serial with "Closer" . This issue also features the latest installments of "The Blizzard" by GEOFF JOHNS & ANDREA MUTTI "The Blizzard" by KIERON GILLEN & STEVE LIEBER "Red Stitches" by BRENDEN FLETCHER & ERICA HENDERSON "Gehenna" by PATRICK KINDLON & MAURIZIO ROSENZWEIG "Hack/Slash vs. Image" by TIM SEELEY & STEFANO CASELLI and "Dutch" by JOE CASEY & NATHAN FOX. And course the continuation of "Billy Dogma" by DEAN HASPIEL and "Stupid Fresh Mess" by SKOTTIE YOUNG!

Our all-star celebration of Image’s 30th anniversary continues with a new WYTCHES story from SCOTT SNYDER & JOCK! Plus: KIERON GILLEN & STEVE LIEBER begin a three-part serial with “Closer,” and JAY FAERBER unites eight artists for a NOBLE CAUSES reunion. This issue also features the latest installments of “The Blizzard” by GEOFF JOHNS & ANDREA MUTTI, “Red Stitches” by BRENDEN FLETCHER & ERICA HENDERSON, “Gehenna” by PATRICK KINDLON & MAURIZIO ROSENZWEIG, “Hack/Slash vs. Image” by TIM SEELEY & STEFANO CASELLI, and “Dutch” by JOE CASEY & NATHAN FOX. And course, the continuation of “Billy Dogma” by DEAN HASPIEL and “Stupid Fresh Mess” by SKOTTIE YOUNG!

As we hit the halfway point in our year-long celebration of Image’s 30th anniversary, MATT FRACTION, GABRIEL BA & FABIO MOON reunite for a new CASANOVA story, JIMMY PALMIOTTI & AMANDA CONNER bring back THE PRO, and SINA GRACE presents an all-new ROCKSTAR AND SOFT BOY short story. This issue also features the latest installments of “The Blizzard” by GEOFF JOHNS & ANDREA MUTTI, “Red Stitches” by BRENDEN FLETCHER & ERICA HENDERSON, “Gehenna” by PATRICK KINDLON & MAURIZIO ROSENZWEIG, “Hack/Slash vs. Image” by TIM SEELEY & STEFANO CASELLI, and “Dutch” in a new serial by JOE CASEY & NATHAN FOX. Plus: The final chapter of MARIA LLOVET’s “All the Things We Didn’t Do Last Night,” and the continuation of “Billy Dogma” by DEAN HASPIEL and “Stupid Fresh Mess” by SKOTTIE YOUNG!

Our year-long celebration of Image ComicsÕ 30th anniversary continues! This issue features the latest installments of ÒThe BlizzardÓ by GEOFF JOHNS & ANDREA MUTTI, ÒRed StitchesÓ by BRENDEN FLETCHER & ERICA HENDERSON, ÒGehennaÓ by PATRICK KINDLON & MAURIZIO ROSENZWEIG, and the debut of ÒHack/Slash vs. ImageÓ by TIM SEELEY & STEFANO CASELLI. Plus: The second part of MARIA LLOVETÕs three-part serial ÒAll the Things We DidnÕt Do Last Night,Ó the return of CHAP YAEPÕs Extreme Studios fan-favorite Dutch in a new serial by JOE CASEY & NATHAN FOX, ÒRoyal CityÓ by JEFF LEMIRE, and the continuation of ÒBilly DogmaÓ by DEAN HASPIEL and ÒStupid Fresh MessÓ by SKOTTIE YOUNG!

What happens when an indomitable force meets an irritating object? That’s what you’ll find out when Superman runs into Lobo. Think of it like a boy scout joining a biker gang. What will be worse, the damage Lobo causes on his own, or the chaos of trying to stop him? I smell a team-up, fanboys! Numen is the most popular being in the universe, a god clogging all social channels. And he does not like competition. This means Superman and Lobo must go. Further complicating things is Dr. Flik, a scientist determined to study the last sons of Krypton and Czarnia respectively. What can she glean from the hero who lost everything as a baby and the bad, bad boy who made it all go away just for the heck of it? And what will happen when Superman and Lobo wake up on their respective resurrected home planets? From writers Tim Seeley and Sarah Beattie, the team behind the indie hit Money Shot, and Punchline artist Mirka Andolfo comes a hilarious new DC Black Label superhero epic! Collects Superman vs. Lobo #1-3.