New Releases by Lin Wang

Small molecules are known to play critical role in understanding most biological mechanisms of cells and organisms. Some examples, such as RNAs, peptides and drug molecules, etc., work by modulating cellular function, but with unknown modes. In most cases, these actions involve the small molecule interacting with proteins serving various functions. In recent years, much effort has been made in the investigation of interactions between small molecules (ligands) and target proteins. In our laboratory, a new technique termed Dynamic Isoelectric focusing Anisotropy Binding Ligand Assay (DIABLA) is being in collaboration with the Tolley Laboratory (SIU) developed to fulfill this task. In this technique, a protein mixture is separated within the capillary using dynamic isoelectric focusing, while a specific small molecule is evenly distributed throughout the capillary. Fluorescence anisotropy is then used to identify target proteins that bind with the ligand. In our research, emphasis has been put on evaluating optimum detection conditions for the fluorescence anisotropy aspects of the measurement. Fluorescence anisotropy has been proven to be an effective and powerful tool in evaluating ligand-protein interactions. In our studies, various protein-ligand systems are investigated, especially inhibitor-cyclooxygenase (COX) systems which include naproxen-COX system, ibuprofen-COX system, resveratrol-COX system and COX inhibitor II-COX system. Other systems include biotin-streptavidin system and progesterone-progesterone receptor system. Several fundamental parameters (concentration, pH, etc.) that affect the detection of fluorescence anisotropy measurement are evaluated. In addition, non-specific binding of the ligands with BSA was also tested as a comparison to specific binding of ligand-COX. By optimizing the binding conditions, the detection limit of using fluorescence anisotropy technique was found to be as low as nanomolar concentrations, which is much improved compared to the current literature reported micromolar regime. A binding curve representing the anisotropy''s value as a function of protein concentration was constructed experimentally for each study system. On another study, mathematical calculation of the binding curve was also carried out by Wolfram Mathematica for prediction of the binding curve as well as estimation of the dissociation constant (Kd). By simply curve fitting experimental data to our simulated binding curve, with known ligand concentration, the dissociation constant (Kd) can be obtained with very high accuracy relative to current reported value. Isoelectric focusing coupled fluorescence anisotropy was also performed on the laboratory built system to test the validation of DIABLA. Three standard dyes, rose bengal, erythrosin B and Ru(bpy)3 were used for calibration of the in-laboratory built instrument. Fluorescence measurements were performed in both Horiba Jobin Yvon fluorimeter and our in-laboratory built DIABLA equipment by Cecil Bailey. Good correspondence of data acquired by DIABLA equipment and Horiba fluoremeter was successfully obtained, which proves the validation of DIABLA. Ongoing research is focusing on investigation of the standard dyes as well as some protein mixtures in capillary using DIABLA equipment. In another study, in investigation of inhibitor-COX system, fluorescence properties of most inhibitors were tested for further applications. Fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, fluorescence quantum yield, as well as fluorescence lifetimes were tested with the inhibitors dissolved in both ethanol and water. The difference of fluorescence properties observed in different solvents revealed the solvent effects as well as some possible intramolecular transitions or intermolecular interactions, such as internal charge transfer (ICT) and molecule aggregations.

In the search for new functional materials, a clear understanding about the relationship between the physical properties and the atomic-scale structure of materials is needed. Here, the authors provide graduate students and scientists with an in-depth account of the evolutionary behavior of oxide functional materials within specific structural systems, discussing the intrinsic connections among these different structural systems. Over 300 illustrations and key appendices support the text.

Devices built from three-dimensional nanoarchitectures offer a number of advantages over those based on thin-film technology, such as larger surface area to enhance the sensitivity of sensors, to collect more sunlight to improve the efficiency of solar cells, and to supply higher density emitters for increased resolution in flat panel displays. Three-dimensional nanoscale assembly has already been used to generate many prototypes of devices and sensors, including piezoelectric nanogenerators based on ZnO nanowire arrays, photovoltaic devices based on silicon nanowire array p-n junctions, and highly sensitive gas sensors based on metal oxide nanowire arrays among others. Three-Dimensional Nanoarchitectures: Designing Next-Generation Devices describes state-of-the-art synthesis, integration, and design strategies used to create three-dimensional nanoarchitectures for functional nanodevice applications. With a focus on synthesis and fabrication methods for three-dimensional nanostructure assembly and construction, coverage includes resonators, nanophotonics, sensors, supercapacitors, solar cells, and more. This book is an essential reference for a broad audience of researchers in materials science, chemistry, physics, and electrical engineering who want the latest information on synthesis routes and assembly methods. Schematics of device integration and mechanisms as well as plots of measurement data are included.

The use of aplanatic solid immersion lenses (ASILs) made of high refractive index optical glasses provides a route to wide-field high-resolution optical microscopy. Structured illumination microscopy (SIM) can double the spatial bandwidth of a microscope to achieve high-resolution imaging. This research aims to investigate the combination of the ASILs and SIM in fluorescence microscopy, which we call structured illumination solid immersion fluorescence microscopy (SISIM), to pursue a microscopic system with very large numerical aperture and high lateral resolution. The first stage of the research shows the development of solid immersion fluorescence microscopy (SIF) employing an ASIL allows us to obtain a fluorescence microscope with effective numerical aperture of 1.85. The aberration issues, especially chromatic aberration, that need to be circumvented are analysed by both optical simulation and experimental verification. The near-field imaging property is also discussed and demonstrated. Then the SIM using a diffraction grating to generate structured illumination pattern via two-beam interference is developed. Finally, the SISIM system is constructed by combining the structured illumination with the SIF, and an effective numerical aperture of 3 has been obtained. Future developments of the SISIM system to make it achieve higher resolution and suit routine use are proposed. SISIM is a promising high-resolution microscopic technique with extensive potential applications in cell biology.

This book introduces a new biochip that incorporates cellular localization and bioinformatics technologies. With the post-genome era, proteomics study for direct analysis of a group of proteins by biochip becomes more and more important. With this book and its 50 tables and figures, the reader can not only learn about new technologies but also about cellular localization, signaling pathways, and protein relationships.

Ideal for upper-intermediate and advanced Chinese students.Used at Yale and many other universities. Free access to listening exercises & audio-visual materials at www.MyChineseClass.com. Ch1:China in Modern Society, Ch2: Short stories (Romance and family), Ch3: Idioms, Pop Rhymes, and Comic dialogues. Ch4: Chinese food and Chinese music

This multidisciplinary reference takes the reader through all four major phases of interdisciplinary inquiry: adequate conceptualization, rigorous formulation, substantive interpretation, and innovative implementation. The text introduces a novel synthetic paradigm of public health reasoning and epidemic modelling, and implements it with a study of the infamous 14th century AD Black Death disaster that killed at least one-fourth of the European population.

Nanostructures refer to materials that have relevant dimensions on the nanometer length scales and reside in the mesoscopic regime between isolated atoms and molecules in bulk matter. These materials have unique physical properties that are distinctly different from bulk materials. Self-Assembled Nanostructures provides systematic coverage of basic nanomaterials science including materials assembly and synthesis, characterization, and application. Suitable for both beginners and experts, it balances the chemistry aspects of nanomaterials with physical principles. It also highlights nanomaterial-based architectures including assembled or self-assembled systems. Filled with in-depth discussion of important applications of nano-architectures as well as potential applications ranging from physical to chemical and biological systems, Self-Assembled Nanostructures is the essential reference or text for scientists involved with nanostructures.

Located on the westernmost tip of San Francisco''s coastline, the site of Sutro Bath Ruins is famous for its magnificent natural setting. The Baths were recognized as one of the greatest public baths in the early nineteenth century. As a historical place under the ministration of the National Park service, an appropriate architectural intervention is needed to rejuvenate the landscape culture of the site and enhance its recreational values to the public. A possible strength solution is designing a new public bathhouse as a revival of the old baths - a public realm, but the challenges are here. Long overshadowed by private bath facilities of the present day, public baths gradually lost their importance within the cultures. Furthermore, a controversial transition also happened inside public bathhouses. These spaces became the separated terrain for gay people''s community life, and for intimate encounters. Therefore, the study for the thesis is to look into the history of bath cultures and rediscover the value of public baths as a mirror of physical, social, and cultural ideals and recapture the essence of a bathhouse as a public, non-sexual space by using appropriate architectural intervention.

This thesis Develop a new suitable nano-gold mediated silver antibody microarray technology. Application examples show that the antibody array efficently detects differences in protein and phospho-protein concentration independently of cell type. For activation and inhibition of signaling pathways, cytoplasmic and nuclear distribution are very important and can reflect differential functions, even when total phospho-proteins are not changed. Evidence for new and rapid common cytoplasmic signaling about ERK, JNK, STAT3, Akt and p70S6 in chosen functions of three treated cell lines. Setup new positive or negative co-localized relationships and interaction about p-p38 and p38, Smad1 and Smad2/3, ERK or p38 with Smad1, ERK or p38 with c-Myc, among Akt, ERK and p70S6, p70S6 with p38 and smad1,2,3 in three treated cell lines.